结石

Methods: Clinical data of 11 cases of single submucosal uretero-vesical stone are reported. which were treated by transurethral cystoscope in out-patient clinic.

报告11例单侧输尿管壁内部结石患者，于门诊行经尿道在膀胱镜下取出结石的临床资料。

6 cases of urethostenosis, 2 cases of urotithiasis and 1 case of urethral valves were cured one time. They were followed up from 10 months to 6 years and no dysuria occurred. 2 cases of external plank shedding after ureteropelvioplasty were treated with a placement of internal plank through the renal fistulization. The placement and evulsion of internal plank were carried out one time in 8 cases of ureteric calculi (the length of one calculi was as long as 4cm) and 12 cases of ureteropalsty. In 5 cases of upper remotion of internal plank, 4 cases were pulled out successfully and one failed to draw out. The effect is satisfactory to treat urological diseases by means of ureteroscopy in children.

结果 6例尿道狭窄、2例尿道结石、1例尿道瓣膜均一次性治愈，随访10个月~6年，无排尿异常。2例肾盂输尿管成形术后外支架管脱落经肾造瘘口放置内支架；8例输尿管结石（1例石街长约4cm）、12例输尿管成形术后内支架置入和／或拔出均一次完成。5例内支架上移中4例顺利拔出，1例失败、结论输尿管镜对小儿尿路系统大部分疾病的处理有满意效果。

Some people will say that your gall stones are not gall stones but fecal matter.

一些人会说你的胆结石不是胆结石，只是排泄物。

Results there is 80.26% sufferers who had reexamined the KUB and radiofistula had successed and had no serious complication ,the others just is 50.00% and two sufferers had to get an open operation because of bleeding.

结果 复查KUB+经瘘道造影的结石取净率80.26%，术中无重大并发症；没复查X线检查患者的结石取净率50.00%，有二例因出血中途转开放术。

Stone recurred in 8 cases including atrophic gallbladder,a preoperative history of suppurative cholecystitis, Hour-glass gallbladder,and tortuous gall duct in one each.

共有8例复发胆囊结石，葫芦状胆囊、化脓性胆囊炎、萎缩性胆囊炎和胆囊管过长各1例，9例胆囊胆固醇沉积症复发4例。8例胆囊收缩功能30%～50%者5例复发结石。

Ultrasound,ERCP,MRCP,liver enzyme profile and reoperation confirmed the folowing: Extra-hepatic bile duct or the right hepatic duct was ligated in 9 cases,common bile duct residual stone in 6,partial gallbladder or gallbladder duct stone in 4,biliary leak in 4, cholangitic hepatitis in 4,hepatitis B or posthepatitis cirrhosis in 5,icterus after blood transfusion in 2,hemobilia in 2, ligation of right branch of hepatic artery in 2, and icterus of unknown causes in 5 cases.

经B超，ERCP，MRCP和肝酶谱及再手术等证实：肝外胆管或右肝管结扎9例，胆总管遗漏结石6例，残留胆囊或胆囊管结石4例，胆瘘4例，毛细胆管肝炎4例，乙肝或肝炎后肝硬化5例，输血后黄疸2例，胆道出血2例，肝右动脉结扎2例，不明原因黄疸5例。再手术18例，死亡1例。结论：详细的病史资料、充分的术前检查、细致的手术操作是预防胆囊切除术后黄疸的必要前提。

Endoscopic stone ex- traction included movable stones that could be returned into common bile duct and irremovable stones that should be intubated and extracted aided by EST.

内镜取石治疗主要采用还纳法和非还纳法，不能还纳的结石应用乳头括约肌切开术辅助插管和取石，结石常在乳头括约肌切开后自行脱出。

objective to summarize the positive rate of choledocho lith with abdomen ultrasound and analyse the related factors to effect positive rate,so we can raise some further measures to improve the veracity of ultrasound diagnosis.

目的：总结经腹超声诊断胆总管结石的阳性率，分析影响阳性率的相关因素，并提出进一步的改进措施，以提高超声诊断胆总管结石的准确率。

The determination of urinary stone is important for the understanding the lithiasis, and preventing its recurrence.

泌尿系结石的测定分析有助于研究成石机理，预防和治疗结石。

The analyses of composition of urinary calculi can provide significant on the clinical diagnosis and treatment reference to the cause of lithiasis and the prevention of recurrence.

对泌尿系结石的组成进行结构分析，为分析结石病的产生原因及预防复发提供参考，在临床诊断和治疗上具有重要意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。