结石

The treatment of upper urinary tract calculi by percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss Lithoclast Master appears to be safe and efficacious under ultrasound guidance. Abundant preoperative preparation,compact cooperation during surgery and strict postoperative management can improve successful rate.

超声引导经皮肾镜超声／弹道碎石取石术是治疗上尿路结石的安全、高效的方法；充分的术前准备、紧密的术中配合、严格的术后护理能有效提高治疗成功率。

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy;Swiss Lithoclast Master;Upper urinary tract calculi;Nursing

经皮肾镜；超声／弹道碎石清石系统；上尿路结石；护理

Methods: 86 patients were given percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation swiss lithoclast master.told the patients to lie up after the skill,drink more water.strengthen the management of catheterization tube and kidney and make fistula,did the guidance before patients leaving hospital.

做好充分术前准备，经皮肾镜应用第三代超声／弹道碎石清石系统治疗上尿路结石86例，术后卧床休息，多饮水，加强肾造瘘管、导尿管的护理，做好出院指导。

Results All bladder stone were fragmented with the ballistic Swiss Lithoclast,The intraoperative hemorrhage was90-230ml with an average of140ml.The operation time was100-160min.One month lat-er,the IPSS score was14and the maximum urine flow rate was16.8ml.s.

结果 所有患者均一次性治疗成功，除碎石时膀胱粘膜有散在充血、水肿外，无膀胱穿孔发生，未见结石复发及尿失禁和尿道狭窄等并发症。

After 2 to 3 times of ESWL treatment with no therapeutic effect, we suggest using ureteroscopic air pressure missile lithoclasty.

经2、3次ESWL治疗结石无改变者，应改行输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石术或开放手术治疗。

Methods From August 2007 to December 2009, 82 patients of bladder stones were treated with air pressure ballistic lithoclasty by resectoscopy.

2007年8月-2009年12月，经电切镜鞘途径气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石82例。

Lithogenous diet caused liver damage, then abnormality of metabolism of bile acids, and promoted gallstone formation.

致石食物首先引起肝脏病理损害，继而导致胆汁代谢紊乱，尤其是胆汁酸代谢紊乱，促使了胆结石的形成。

The No.1 litholytic compounds is a new and safe cholesterol gallstone contact solvent with efficient and lower toxicity for treatment of cholecystolsithiasis.

复方溶石剂1号是一种新型、安全、高效、低毒的胆固醇结石直接溶石剂。

JEYS has litholytic effect in vitro; JEYS has choleretic effect and could decrease Ca2+, total bilirubin, and total cholesterol in biles.

中药复方JEYS有体外溶解胆结石的作用，有利胆和降低胆汁中钙离子、总胆红素和总胆固醇的作用。

Results the No.1 litholytic compounds dissolved the cholesterol gallstone(500mg)in no more than 25 min (21.6±4.9 min),less influence to blood biochemical,no harm to the other organs of rabbits except gallbadder.

结果 复方溶石剂1号对500mg的胆固醇结石溶解时间少于25min(21±4.9min)，对动物的血液生化指标影响不大，除胆囊外未对全身其他脏器造成损害。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。