结石

Results Of all 41 cases 9 patients were biliary tract injury ,9 patients with biliary fistulas , 8 patients with bleeding after surgery , 4 patients with injury of gastrointestinal tract, 4 patients with calculus of bile duct, 4 patients with complicating gastroenteric tumor,3 patients with unexpected carcinoma of gallbladder .

结果 胆管损伤9例，胆漏9例，术后出血8例，胃肠道损伤4例，胆管结石4例，合并胃肠道肿瘤4例，意外胆囊癌3例，1例死于多器官功能障碍综合症，2例预后不良，其余愈合良好。

Methods Rabbit model was adopted with gallstone induced by high cholesterol diet. Dynamic study on the serum lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic total cholesterol, bile cholesterol and glycocholate, and low density lipoprotein recepter activity of hepatocytes had been conductd for the test and control groups after 1,2,3 and 4 weeks respectively.

采用高胆固醇膳食诱发兔胆囊结石模型，对进食高胆固醇膳食后1，2，3，4周实验组和对照组血清脂蛋白胆固醇、肝脏总胆固醇、胆汁中胆固醇和甘氨胆酸，肝细胞低密度脂蛋白受体活性变化进行了动态研究。

As the results showed that the significant relation between TCBA and calcium or magnesium, mainly between glycocholic, glycochenocholic or taurocholic acids and calcium or magnesium, could be found in all three groups but there was not any obvious relation between TCBA and ferrum or zinc except between glycocholic acid and zinc in gallbladder stone group.

由此可见前列腺素在胆结石形成中占有重要地位。花生四烯酸是合成前列腺素的前体，它在环氧化酶作用下形成前列腺素。本研究证实在成石性胆囊胆汁中花生四烯酸的含量（0.09%）和阳性率（71.74%）明显高于对照组（0.02%，21.42%），P.05。说明成石性胆汁为合成前列腺素提供了前体物质。

While some of the ideas of calculus were developed earlier in Greece , China , India , Iraq, Persia , and Japan , the modern use of calculus began in Europe , during the 17th century, when Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz built on the work of earlier mathematicians to introduce its basic principles.

虽然一些想法结石制定了早些时候在希腊，中国，印度，伊拉克，波斯，日本，现代利用的演算开始在欧洲，在17世纪时，艾萨克牛顿和莱布尼茨建立哥特弗里德威廉的工作早期数学家介绍其基本原则。

These ideas were systematized into a true calculus of infinitesimals by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , who was originally accused of plagiarism by Newton.

These想法系统化成为一个真正的结石无穷小的哥特弗里德威廉莱布尼茨，谁最初被控剽窃的牛顿。

Results:①All gallstones type Ⅰ and Ⅳ in animal models were dissolved quickly, however, MTBE showed somewhat toxicity in inhibiting CNS, so that the dose of MTBE should be controlled precisely.②No abnormal change of liver and renal functions of dogs were found before and after operations.③Choloecyst pathological sections of gallbladder suggested that no evident of damage and inflammation of gallbladder was of found. Hemopexis with reversible histological change was observed in hepatic sinusoid and centeral vein short time after administation of MTBE.

结果：①动物模型的Ⅰ、Ⅳ型结石均全部迅速溶解，但MTBE有一定毒性，其对中枢神经系统有一定的抑制作用，应用时须严格掌握单位时间内的灌注剂量及总量(控制在60ml左右)；②实验犬实验前后的肝、肾功能检查无异常；③病理检查结果提示MTBE对胆囊组织无明显损伤，无严重炎性反应，给药后短期内肝窦和中央静脉有凝血现象，但其组织学变化是可逆的。

None had complications such as transurethral resection syndrome,hemorrhea and vesical perforation.

采用经尿道膀胱镜下气压弹道碎石和等离子体双极电切治疗58例BPH并膀胱结石。

Objective: To investigate an optimum method for left hepatolith to improve the operation response.

目的：探讨左肝内胆管结石的治疗方法，提高手术切除率，降低手术风险系数。

ABSTRACT］ Objective: To investigate an optimum method for left hepatolith to improve the operation response.

探讨左肝内胆管结石的治疗方法，提高手术切除率，降低手术风险系数。

Objective To evaluate the effect of surgery in the treatment of hepatolithiasis.

摘 要：目的评价外科手术在肝胆管结石治疗中的作用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。