结石

Results: All these patients under went the second laparotomy, the residual gallbladder and cholelith were excised successfully in 55 cases. 1 case was unsuccessful because of severe adhesion and bleeding. After successful operation, the symptoms disappeared and the results were satisfactory.

结果：除1例因粘连严重并发门脉高压症，分离时引起大出血被迫终止手术外，55例再次手术成功，切除残留胆囊及结石后，症状均消失，疗效满意。

Result The gall bladder cancer always a ccompanies with cholelith lt is difficult to diagnose it in the early stage, wlich is often feund during the process of cholecystectomy through peritomeoscope.

结果 胆囊癌常合并有胆囊结石，早期诊断较困难，往往在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中发现。

To prevent cholelith in residual gallbladder, it is important to choose the proper timing and mode of cholecystectomy, to anatomize cystic duct, common hepatic duct, common duct clearly and cut cystic duct 0.3~0.5cm apart from common duct.

合理掌握胆囊切除术的手术时机、和术式，在术中解剖清楚胆囊管、肝总管、胆总管三管关系，然后距胆总管0.3~0.5cm切断结扎胆囊管，是预防残余胆囊结石的关键。

Objective To study the linkage of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and paraoxonase (PON1) loci with development of gallstone and plasma lipids or apolipoprotein levels.

目的探讨胆固醇酯转移蛋白基因和二乙基对硝基磷脂酶(PON1)基因位点与胆囊结石发生及血浆脂质水平的连锁关系。

We have measured the serum levels of total cholic acid in 103 samples of obstructive jaundiced patients and 83 samples of gallbladder stone patients without jaundice by enzymeconjugated colorimetric analysis method.

采用酶偶联比色法测定47例（103例次）阻塞性黄疸和53例（83例次）无黄疸单纯胆囊结石患者血清总胆酸的水平，并探讨其与黄疸程度及肝细胞损害的关系。

Since Clayman successfully performed laparoscopic nephrectomy for an oncocytoma patient in June 1990, the laparoscopic technique in urology has been developed dramatically.

自从Clayman于1990年6月成功地为一位肾脏嗜酸细胞瘤患者施行腹腔镜肾切除术以来，腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科领域得到了较快的发展，尤其是随后5年，在肾、肾上腺、前列腺癌及输尿管结石的外科治疗方面，越来越多的泌尿外科医生开始采用这一技术，并且泌尿外科腹腔镜水平的高低成为衡量医院综合竞争力的重要标准之一。

Gallbladder carcinoma often locates in collum and body of gallbladder, pathologic histology type of gallbladder carcinoma is often adenocarcinoma, tumor can infiltrate along nerve bundle of gallbladder wall.

1。胆囊结石、乙肝病毒感染、血吸虫感染和多产妇是胆囊癌的高危因素；γ-GT可能是胆囊癌有潜力的肿瘤标志物。

Results The incidence of stress ulcer massive b leeding in SAP was 11.6%(14/121). The risk factors included the age of patient s, the severity of the disease, concomitant bile duct lithiasis obstruction, pan creatic abscess, pseudocyst and a history of surgical debridement and drainage.

结果 本组SAP并发应激性溃疡大出血的发生率为11.6%，与患者的年龄、病情严重程度、合并胆道结石梗阻、胰腺脓肿、假性胰腺囊肿及是否接受清创引流手术等因素明显有关。

The reconstruction with mip show that the percent of excellent was 67.2% and the worse was 32.8%.the accuracy of diagnosis respectively was 86.7%,50.0%,80.0%,77.8% and 50.0%.conclusion according to ureteral tract brightness,high image quality and high success rate with correctly reconstruction can delineate ureter cubicity,which is helpful in diagnosing and instructing clinical treatment.

mip显示：图像评级为优良39例(67.2%)，评级为差19例(32.8%)。疾病判断的准确度为：结石86.7%、肿瘤50.0%、囊肿80.0%、先天性狭窄77.8%、炎症50.0%。结论根据输尿管显像程度，选择合适的重建方法完整显示输尿管与疾病的解剖关系，有助于疾病的诊断和指导临床治疗。 x线计算机；输尿管造影；诊断；重建

Preliminary work suggests that lattice crystals composed of melamine and cyanuric acid, and possibly other substances, form in the kidney.

初步工作表明，肾脏里形成的结石晶体的晶格是由三聚氰胺和氰尿酸，以及可能的其他物质构成的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。