结石

This paper reviews the pharmacologic agents available to the urologist in the expulsive therapy of ureteral stones without infection.

本文旨在回顾探讨泌尿科医师对於无泌尿道感染并发症的输尿管结石，於采取排出疗法时可使用药物之疗效。

Results: Both sides of elder hernia sac became constrictive because of fibrosis caused by A ring, C ring chronic inflammation, which made hiatal hernia sac dilate like a expanded balloon, 7 cases were manifested stenotic at the two ends. Lithiasis in the hiatal hernia sac display of filling defect the same as the smoothly sac without aerogenic powder. Long axis of filling defect were accorded with that of esophagous, the sign could be described as "cast mould" of esophagous hiatal hernia sac.

结果：由于老年性疝囊两端的A环、C环在长期慢性炎症的刺激下纤维化而狭窄，使疝囊膨胀表现为&吹气球征&，7例疝囊上下两端狭窄。7例疝囊内结石未服用产气粉前表现为与疝囊同等大小且边缘光滑的充盈缺损，充盈缺损的长轴与食道长轴方向基本一致，呈现&食管疝囊铸型征&。

Many people are afflicted with gallstones whether they realize they have them or not.

许多人都患有胆结石他们是否意识到他们有他们或没有。

Adult male Wistar rats were randomLy allocated to 3 groups:control group, stone-forming group, Alisma Orientalis group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique was used to examine bikunin mRNA expression levels in rat renal tissue.

将Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、结石模型组、泽泻组，采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测大鼠肾组织bikunin mRNA的表达水平、镜下观察肾组织草酸钙晶体分布，同时检测大鼠血生化、肾钙含量、24h尿钙和尿草酸的分泌量。

ConclusionThe active constituents of Alisma Orientalis can down-regulate the bikunin mRNA expression, decrease the calcium oxalate formation in rat kidneys, and inhibit the renal stone formation in rat urolithiasis model.

结论泽泻活性成分能下调bikunin在结石大鼠肾组织的表达，减少肾组织草酸钙晶体的形成，从而抑制大鼠肾结石形成。

Conclu sion: The ethyl acetate elution of ethyl acetate fraction extract of Alisma orientalis can significantly inhibit urinary calcium oxalate stone formation in rats and be the most effective constituent of Alisma orientalis .

泽泻醋酸乙酯浸膏的醋酸乙酯洗脱液能抑制实验性高草酸尿症大白鼠体内肾草酸钙晶体的形成，是泽泻抑制尿草酸钙结石形成的有效部位。

Unilateral nasal white or grey neoplasms with continuous excreta or foul smell and nasal vestibule anabrosis should be first considered to be possible secondary nasal stones of nasal foreign bodies.

结论单侧鼻腔白色或灰白色新生物伴分泌物持续或恶臭味、鼻前庭糜烂应首先考虑鼻异物继发鼻结石。

The score of renal calcium oxalate crystallization of 12%,25% medlar soak and apozem was reduced 38.7%, 54.8% and 48.4%, 58.1%(P.01) compared with the ethylene glycol drinking group. Conclusions: LBP can reduce the formation of renal calcium oxalate crystallization. The mechanism is to protect from damage by free radical and reduce the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell by hyperoxaluria.

适量的枸杞多糖可减少饮用诱石剂大鼠的肾草酸钙结石形成，其作用机制是通过抗氧化反应，减少自由基对肾组织的损伤，从而减少高草酸尿对肾小管上皮细胞的凋亡。

Objective:To study the clinical prognosis and opportune time for surgical treatment of patients with asymptomatic cholecystolithiasis.

目的： 探讨无症状胆囊结石患者的临床转归和外科治疗时机。

This is not a fatal disease, however, it may lead to serious complications such as chronic cystitis, urolithiasis, or rectal abscess formation. These foreign bodies were inserted for autoerotic or unknown reasons by patients.

虽然膀胱异物并不会造成患者的死亡，但是却会引起严重并发症如膀胱炎、结石等，甚至有些异物还会由膀胱较弱的地方穿出膀胱至直肠或腹腔内，引起直肠脓肿或急性腹症。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。