结石

Objective In order to reserve the nomally funictioning kidney with complex staghorn renal stone, remove the stone clearly and decrease the trauma, to evaluate the operation technique and clinical efficacy of hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy,isolated pyelolithotomy autotransplantation of kidncy cure staghorn renal stone.

目的 为了既能保留功能良好的患有鹿角型结石的患肾，又能取净肾盂内结石和减轻创伤，探讨用手助腹腔镜取肾、离体肾切开取石、自体肾移植治疗肾盂鹿角型结石的手术方法和临床效果。

Cases were treated with only one percutaneous access tract in a single session and 3 cases were only placed stoma tube and underwent a second?look procedure because of pyonephrosis.

回顾性分析我院2007年1月～12月采用侧卧位微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗输尿管上段结石25例的临床资料，均为单侧结石，合并肾结石6例，KUB测得结石最大经1.0～2.7 cm。

RESULTS: The incidence of sialolith increased from the orifice of Wharton's duct to hilum, 62.5% of the stones were located in the posterior of Wharton's duct, the most common shape was round and oval, the volume of calculus in the posterior Wharton's duct was bigger than that in the anterior duct.

结果：下颌下腺导管结石在导管中发生的位置由前向后依次升高，62.5%患者结石位于导管的后段，结石以圆形和椭圆形为多，位于后段者体积多较大。

Blood loss volume were 110mL to 480mL. 24 patients had residual calculus when recheck KUB, 7 accepted ESWL, 4 PCN, and 13 automatic removing urinary calculus. IVU showed that renal visualization was well, hydrops obviously decreased, none calculus re-cured or renal pelvis stegnosis.

术后3月复查腹部平片示有24例有结石残留，7例经体外振波碎石，4例经肾造痪管经皮肾镜下碎石，13例泥沙样小结石自动排石。12月复查静脉肾孟造影示肾显影良好，积水明显减少，未见结石复发和肾孟狭窄。

While detecting the patients with ureterolithiasis, if the width of renal pelvis is 0 mm, it is necessary to measure the width of another kidney and compare with them. If the width of ill renal pelvis is extended by 3 1 mm, the diagnosis of hydronephrosis can be established, then, combining with other signs, such as ureterectasis, the diagnosis of ureterolithiasis can be set up.

输尿管结石所致0 mm肾积水的发生率为 29 47％，超声诊断输尿管结石所致肾积水0 mm时应作两侧比较，当两侧集合系统宽度差别≥3 1 mm时，应考虑肾积水的存在，此时应结合临床、是否合并同侧输尿管扩张、合并结石等情况而作出肾积水的诊断。

Methods Retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy was performed on 31 patients of ureterolith, the stone size ranging from 0.8-2.5cm in diameter with the duration from 2 months to 3 years. Of the patients, 4 cases was of multiple stones and 27 with single stone, and 19 had undergone unsuccessful ESWL, ureteroscopy or both.

采用后腹腔镜技术行输尿管切开取石术31例，结石直径0.8-2.5cm，病程2个月-3年，4例多发结石，27例单发结石，其中19例曾行ESWL和/或输尿管镜失败。

Results 19 of 20 cases displayed negative ureterolith throuth miltis-lice helical CT with MIP and SSD of 3D.1 case was only uretero-narrow withoutstone.

结果 20例输尿管阴性结石患者CT扫描，并用最密度投影和表面遮盖法重建，19例满意显示输尿管结石，1例输尿管下端炎症狭窄，未显示结石。

In this paper,the results of ultrasonographic and clinical data of 93 acses with ureterolithiasis were analysed and the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in ureterolithiasis was studied. In 72 cases, 81 stones were displayed.

本文在论述了输尿管结石的超声显象方法及其声象图特征的基础上，通过对93例输尿管结石的超声显象资料和临床结果对照分析，探讨了输尿管结石的超声显象诊断价值。

Hydrogen sodium potassium citrate can make the ureterolithiasis smaller effectively and quicken the clear-out of ureterolithiasis.It is effective and safe assistant therapeutic drugs in treating small ureterolithiasis in conservative internal medicine therapy.

枸橼酸氢钾钠能有效缩小输尿管结石，加快结石的排出，是内科保守治疗输尿管小结石安全有效的辅助治疗药物。

The relationship between the CaOxa stones growth and the morphology of CaOxa crystals was discussed. The reasons why multicarboxylate such as citrates and tartrates were used as stone inhibitors in clinic were also discussed. Our results supported that citrates are the best medicine in preventing and curing CaOxa stones.

初步探讨了草酸钙的不同晶型及物相与结石病防治之间的关系，并讨论了柠檬酸盐和酒石酸盐在临床上被用作结石病治疗药物的原因及其作用机理，以此推测了不同添加剂用作结石病预防和治疗药物时的应用前景。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。