结石

ResultsAll calculi were fragmented with the ballistic Swiss Lithoclast, without scattered engorge and edema occurring in mucous membrane of bladder during lithotripsy.

方法选择良性前列腺增生伴膀胱结石患者49例，采用经尿道前列腺电切同时进行经尿道膀胱结石气压弹道碎石治疗。

CYBERWAND double catheters ultrasound lithoclast master, Swiss EMS ultrasonic pneumatic lithotripsy lithotomy system, American holmium laser, German neodymium laser, Japan Olympus Digital high-definition endoscopy system, Japan Olympus E-duodenoscopy, Germany WOLF percutaneous nephrolithotomy, Germany WOLF ureteroscopy, Japan Olympus E-cystoscopy, Japan Olympus fiber soft nephrolithotomy, the fifth generation of electromagnetic waves lithotripsy system, IR stone composition analyzer, Siemens digital X-ray imaging system, GE Real-time dynamic three-dimensional color Doppler, Olympus resectoscope plasma, C-arm mobile X-ray machine and other international advanced equipments.

医院配备美国CYBERWAND双导管碎石清石系统、瑞士第四代EMS超声气压弹道碎石清石系统、美国钬激光、德国钕激光、日本奥林巴斯数码高清内窥镜系统、日本奥林巴斯电子十二指肠镜、德国WOLF经皮肾镜、德国WOLF输尿管镜、日本奥林巴斯电子膀胱镜、日本奥林巴斯纤维软性肾镜、第五代电磁波体外碎石系统、红外光谱结石成份分析仪、西门子数码X光成像系统、GE三维实时动态彩超、奥林巴斯等离子电切镜、C型臂移动式X光机等国际先进设备；严格按照世界卫生社团认定的诊疗标准，导入JCI认证体系；制定严格的疾病诊疗临床路径，为结石病患者提供全方位国际程度的诊疗服务。

Methods From August 2007 to December 2009, 82 patients of bladder stones were treated with air pressure ballistic lithoclasty by resectoscopy.

2007年8月-2009年12月，经电切镜鞘途径气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石82例。结果所有患者均一次性完成手术，无结石残留，术中、术后无膀胱穿孔和水中毒等并发症。

Treatment of bladder stones with air pressure ballistic lithoclasty by cystoscopy or resectoscopy is simple and safe,being a kind of effective and minimal invasive technique for bladder stones.

结果 所有患者均一次性完成手术，无结石残留，术中、术后无膀胱穿孔和水中毒等并发症。结论经电切镜鞘途径气压弹道碎石治疗膀胱结石安全、疗效可靠、损伤小，是一种值得推广的高效微创技术。

Cases of the above were removed the stones by retreival basket or ballon right after EPBD. and 7 cases with wire lithotriptor in addition; 2 cases were removed remain stones after 7-10 days; 2 cases were removed stones by surgery.

其中59例用取石网篮及取石气囊当即清除结石（其中7例附加碎石网篮碎石后取石）；2例7~10d后在十二指肠镜下再次取尽残余结石；2例改行外科手术取石。

Results The lithous horn of 8 cases were broken by ESWL before operation,then the renal calculus were removed by pyelolithotomy or extended pyelolithotomy.

结果 8例患者术 ESWL将结石角粉碎，然后应用肾盂切开或肾窦扩切开手术取出肾盂和肾盏内结石。

In 13 cases with no nephrohydrosis,caculuses less than 3.8 mm in diameter were found.Conclusion CT is the most valuable way to diagnose ureteral calculus at the lower end of ureter.

CT检查输尿管膀胱入口处结石具有准确、无创、直观等优点，是诊断输尿管膀胱入口处结石不可替代的检查方法。

Results Out of the4527paˉtients treated by ESWL,stones were excreted completely from4512patients within2weeks;12patients who had comˉplication of the urethra stone street were cured by transcutaneous nephrocentesis,nephrostomy and ureterolithotomy through uretercystoscope;stones weretaken out by operation from the other3patients,from whom the excretion of stones was not possible.

结果 经ESWL治疗的4527例泌尿系结石病人中，4512例在2周内排尽结石，12例并发输尿管&石街&，加用经皮肾穿刺造瘘和输尿管镜取石治疗，3例中转手术治疗。

Results:In this group there were respectively 8 calculi of intrahepatic duct,9 calculi of extrahepatic duct,4 stenosis of bile duct,3 duodenal papillitis,2 excess residual cystic duct and 2 stubble cholecystitis,which were managed surgically.There were respectively 1 duodenal diverticulum,10 bile back flow gastritis,5 functional dyspepsia,1 chronic pancreatitis and 1 ulcer,which were cured via expectant treatment.

结果：本组肝内胆管结石8例，肝外胆管结石9例，胆管狭窄4例，十二指肠乳头炎3例，胆囊管残留过长2例，残株胆囊炎2例，分别采用外科手术治疗；十二指肠憩室1例，胆汁返流性胃炎10例，功能性消化不良5例，慢性胰腺炎1例，溃疡病1例，采用内科保守治疗好转。

Results Of the 21 patients, 5 showed transplanted kidney swelling alone, 8 showed transplanted kidney swelling and perinephric dropsy, 1 showed atrophy and function failure of both kidney, 2 showed perinephric hemorrhage, 1 showed multiple small cysts, small calculi and perinephric dropsy of transplanted kidney, 1 showed ureteral fistula, ureteral stricture, hydronephrosis and infarct of subsegment kidney, 1 showed hydronephrosis and ureteral calculi, 1 showed swelling and pyonephrosis, and 1 showed rupture of transplanted kidney.

结果 21例患者中5例仅表现为移植肾肿胀，8例表现为移植肾肿胀并肾周积液；1例为双肾萎缩伴功能丧失；2例表现为移植肾周积血；1例表现为移植肾多发小囊肿、小结石并肾周积液；1例表现为移植肾输尿管旁尿瘘伴输尿管狭窄及肾积水、亚段肾梗死；1例表现为移植肾积水并输尿管结石；1例表现为移植肾肿胀，肾盂内积脓；1例表现为移植肾破裂。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。