结核病

Novel solutions by nurses represent avital element in efforts to address current and future global health challenges– challenges such as aging populations,HIV/AIDS,TB,malaria,an increase in noncommunicable diseases,poverty,inadequate resources and workforce shortages.

护士的解释代表了在解决现在和未来的全球健康挑战的一个关键点--挑战来自于人口老龄化、艾滋病、结核病、疟疾和越来越多的难以消除的疾病，例如贫困、不合理的财务分配和劳动力短缺。

An instrument used in surgical osteoclasis .

一种脊椎结核病，对脊椎有破坏作用。

Therefore,a new type of vaccine and diagnostic reagent for bovine paratuberculosis needs to be studied anddeveloped.

可见，研究开发副结核病的新型疫苗和诊断试剂已迫在眉睫。

So studying a new type of DNA vaccineto prevent bovine paratuberculosis is a new method.

因此，研究新型DNA疫苗为预防副结核病提供了一条新途径。

Therefore the exploitation of newgeneration vaccine for paratuberculosis disease is imperative.

因此，研究开发副结核病的新型疫苗势在必行。

The Company's subsidiary, Designer Diagnostics, is engaged in the research and development of diagnostic test kits designed to be used for the rapid identification of infectious diseases such as Paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.

该公司的附属公司，设计师诊断，从事研究和诊断医疗的发展要为传染病的快速识别使用，例如副结核病和结核分枝杆菌胞内。

Bovine paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and it is a kind ofchronic wasting disease in ruminants globally, which is called Johnes disease.

副结核病是由副结核分枝杆菌引起的一种全球性以反刍动物为主的慢性、消耗性传染病，也称Johnes。

In this experiment, we screen the major protective antigen gene-SOD gene of M. paratuberculosisin order to study the sensitive, specific diagnostic reagent and prophylaxis preparation, especially theDNA vaccine. The SOD gene was amplified from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis C-2 chromosomalDNA by using the PCR technique and cloned into pMD18-T Vector System. We gained a SOD gene of624bp.The recombinant clone was identified byα-complementarity, enzyme digestion and PCRidentification. The result indicated that the recombinant plasmid pMD18-T-SOD was successfullyconstructed. Moreover, through sequential determination and DNASTAR analysis between the clonedSOD gene of M. paratuberculosis C-2 and that of the M.paratuberculosis K-10 strain, the sequentialhomogeneity reached 99%, and the amino acid homogeneity reached 99.5%. The preceding analysisindicated that the SOD gene was very conservative in M. paratuberculosis.

为了研制副结核病敏感、特异的诊断试剂和新型、高效的预防制剂，尤其是DNA疫苗，本研究筛选了M.paratuberculosis主要保护性抗原SOD基因，以M.paratuberculosis C-2染色体DNA为模板，以SOD基因的特异性引物进行PCR扩增，获得了624bp的SOD基因，通过T-A克隆技术，将PCR产物克隆至pMD18-T Vector中，以质粒大小、酶切分析、PCR扩增及序列分析鉴定重组克隆，成功地构建出克隆质粒pMD18-T-SOD，序列测定及DNASTAR分析表明，所获得的M.paratuberculosis C-2 SOD基因与Gen Bank中M.paratuberculosis K-10 SOD基因的大小完全一致，两者核苷酸序列的同源性为99％，氨基酸序列的同源性为99.5％，表明该基因在副结核分枝杆菌中是高度保守的。

In order to develop an indirect ELISA for diagnosing bovine paratuberculosis, the DNA fragmentsof map086 2and map2154c were amplified from the genome DNA Mycobacterium avium Subspeciesparatuberculosis K10. Then the DNA fragments of map0862 and map2154c were spliced byoverlapping extension, yielding a fusion gene map0

为了建立一种有效的牛副结核病间接ELISA方法，本研究设计了两对引物，从副结核分枝杆菌P_(18)株的基因组中PCR扩增出两个目的基因map0862和map2154c、，采用重叠延伸剪接技术(splice by overlapping extension，SOE)获得融合基因map0

It also can be used as alternative antigen of newgeneration vaccine.In this experiment,we screen the major protective antigen hsp65 gene of MAP in order to developnew vaccine especially the DNA vaccine for the prevention of paratuberculosis disease.The hsp65 genewas amplified from MAP C-2 chromosomal DNA by using the PCR technique.We gained a hsp65 gene of 1 626bp.Then PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T vector by T-A clone technique and therecombinant clone was identified by plasmid size,enzyme digestion and PCR identification.The cloneplasmid of pGEM-T- hsp65 was successfully constructed.The nucleotide sequence and deduced aminoacid sequence ofclone gene was analyzed by DNASTAR software.The result indicated that the size ofhsp65 gene consist with M.paratuberculosis K-10 strain in GenBank and the sequential homogeneityreached 99.1%,the amino acid homogeneity reached 99.3%.The preceding analysis indicated that thehsp65 gene was very conservative in M.paratuberculosis.

为了研发预防副结核病的新型疫苗尤其是DNA疫苗及相关蛋白功能，本研究选择了MAP的主要保护性抗原Hsp65蛋白，以副结核分枝杆菌C-2株染色体DNA为模板，以hsp65基因的特异性引物进行PCR扩增，获得了1 626bp的hsp65基因，通过T-A克隆技术，将PCR产物克隆至pGEM-T Vector中，以质粒大小、酶切分析、PCR扩增及序列分析鉴定重组克隆，成功地构建出克隆质粒pGEM-T-hsp65，以DNASTAR软件分析了所克隆基因的核苷酸序列和推导的氨基酸序列，结果表明，所获得的hsp65基因与GenBank中MAPK-10株该基因核苷酸大小完全一致，两者核苷酸序列的同源性为99.1％，氨基酸序列的同源性为99.3％，表明该基因在副结核分枝杆菌中高度保守。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。