结核分枝杆菌

Paratuberculosis (MAP,Mycobacterium paratuberculosis) induce a series of characteristics as chronic hyperplastic enteritis andprogressing extenuation in ruminants also called Johne\'s disease.

副结核病是由副结核分枝杆菌即禽分枝杆菌副结核亚种Mycobacterium avium subsp。

Pasteurization, which is often used for milk or waste milk, can be used to reduce bacteria levels and has been shown to be very effective at killing a variety of pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella, E. coli, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium californicum, Mycobacterium bovis, and Listeria monocytogenes.

巴氏灭菌常使用于牛奶或牛奶废料，它可以用来降低细菌水平，并已被证明能有效的杀死多种致病细菌，其中包括沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、副结核分枝杆菌亚种、californicum分枝杆菌、牛分枝杆菌和李斯特菌。

The main obstacles to the global control of the disease are emerging multi-drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the recalcitrance of persistent infections to treatment with conventional anti-TB drugs.

目前，结核分枝杆菌的多重耐药，以及在抗结核药物作用过程中结核分枝杆菌的持留状态，已成为全世界结核病控制工作的主要障碍。

Respectively use chelex 100 resinate,boiling extraction,proteinase K digest/isopropanol precipitation,proteinase K digest/phenol/chloroformextra ction,alkaline lysis,guanidine thiocyanate lysis,guanidine hydrochloride lysis,spin column method to extract Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA for multiplepolymerase chain eraction.

选择3份含结核分枝杆菌分别为4.325×103、6.857×104、5.356×105 Copies/ml的痰液，分别用Chelex 100树脂法、煮沸法、蛋白酶K消化异丙醇沉淀法、蛋白酶K消化酚/氯仿抽提法、碱裂解法、异硫氰酸胍裂解法、盐酸胍裂解法、离心柱法抽提结核分枝杆菌DNA作多重聚合酶链反应，显色法芯片检测结核分枝杆菌RFP和INH耐药基因。

The results demonstrated that 22 of 50 were positive by PCR-ELISA method while only 7/50 and 18/50 by antiacid staining and culture respectively, and no positive result was found in 20 sputum specimens without Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the methods; Conclusion The pCR-ELISA method can objectively detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical specimens with high specificity and sensitivity.

对50份来自结核病人高度怀疑有结核分枝杆菌的标本检测表明，PCR-ELISA检出22份阳性，比抗酸染色法(7/50)、培养法(13/50)和PCR-电泳法(18/50)检出率高，而20份证实无结核分枝杆菌的标本，几种方法检查均为阴性。结论该法可敏感、特异和客观地检测临床标本中的结核分枝杆菌。

In order to investigate new methods to the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and diagnostic value of FQ-PCR in the detection of DNA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, FQ-PCR was used to detect DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in body fluid from 68 patients with tuberculosis and 68 patients without tuberculosis and it was also compared with the two methods of smear acid-fast stainning and antituberculotic antibody.

为探讨结核分枝杆菌检测的新途径及其FQ-PCR技术在结核分枝杆菌DNA诊断中的实用价值，运用FQ-PCR技术对68例结核病患者和68例非结核病患者体液进行结核分枝杆菌DNA测定，并与涂片抗酸染色及ELISA—抗结核抗体法进行比较。

The determination of differential proteins between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculosis mycobaeteria may he helpful to differentiation of mycobacteria.

结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌差异蛋白的发现，可能有助于分枝杆菌的鉴别。

Results: Cultures for Mycobacterium were positive in a total of 2657 people, among them 1848 strains (69.55%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 809 strains (30.45%) were Nontuberculous Mycobacterium. Among the 1848 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 337 strains (18.24%) were drug resistant, and 75 strains (4.06%) of them were resistant to both Isoniazid and Rifampin which made them multi-drug resistant. Among the 548 strains of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium, 453 strains (82.66%) were drug resistant. There were a total of 261 rapidly growing mycobacteria, and 242 (92.72%) of them were drug resistant.

结果：分枝杆菌培养阳性共2657菌株/人，其中1848株(69.55%)为结核分枝杆菌，809株(30.45%)为非典型结核分枝杆菌感染。1848株结核分枝杆菌中，337株(18.24%)有抗药性问题，其中75株(4.06%)同时对Isoniazid和Rifampin有抗药性为多重性抗药菌。548株非典型结核分枝杆菌中453株(82.66%)有抗药性问题；快速生长菌群共261株，其中242株(92.72%)有抗药性问题。

ABSTRACT:Nine proteins encoded by Mycobacterium tuberculosis RD1 region are important protective antigens that become absent in long passaging of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They only exist in pathogenic Mycobacteria and are absent in Bacille Calmette-Guerin and environmental Mycobacteria. With good immunogenicities, they may play an important role in the diagnosis and prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

RD1区编码的9个蛋白，是结核分枝杆菌在长期传代过程中丢失的重要保护性抗原，仅存在于致病性分枝杆菌中，在卡介苗及环境分枝杆菌中缺失；其有较强的免疫原性，在结核病的诊断中发挥重要作用。

Ethambutol is a first-line drug used for antituberculosis therapy. It is often used in combination with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin. The action of EMB in antituberculosis mechanism is the destruction of cell wall of tubercle bacilli via binding the target molecule -- arabinosyl transferases. These enzymes are involved in the polymerization of the cell wall arabinan. Inhibition of arabinan synthesis by EMB results in the accumulation of mycolic acids, leading to cell death.The EMB-resistance of MTB is involved with the mutation of emb operon or the over expression of emb operon.

乙胺丁醇是和异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、吡嗪酰胺联合治疗结核病的一线抗结核药物，EMB对结核分枝杆菌的作用机制与分枝杆菌胞壁结构破坏有关，主要作用于靶分子阿拉伯糖基转移酶，抑制了阿拉伯糖基聚合入阿拉伯半乳聚糖，从而影响细胞壁分枝菌酸-阿拉伯半乳聚糖-肽聚糖复合物的形成，导致菌细胞的死亡。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。