结构语言学

In linguistic field, the study on temporal features mainly focuses on the internal structure of language such as morphology, syntax, semantics, aspectual study and pragmatics.

语言学领域对于时间特征的研究主要集中在语言内部的结构上，包括诸如词汇、语义、句法、时态及语用方面的研究。

Cognitive linguistics shows the structures and functions of language from the interaction of man and the objective world, and holds a considerable advantage in casting light on some linguistic phenomena, to which native speakers are too accustomed to call them in question but at which foreigners feel puzzled.

认知语言学从人与客观世界的互动经验出发说明语言的结构和功能，在揭示本族人习焉不察而外族人困惑不解的语言现象方面表现出明显的优势。

Chapter Three is the circumbendibus construction of Chinese.

社会语言学的方法论是语料+自省，其前提是社会化处理和结构化处理。

Due to the lack of syntax structure of the information in web pages, especially in the semi-structure pages, the traditional natural language processing technology is not applicable to the web information extraction well. And web pages is recognized, explained and shown by browers and viewed by users, in which there is a lot of vison characters. So if the vision information in web pages can be used for information extraction, complex linguistic knowledge would be avoided.

由于Web页面的内容缺乏严格规范的语法结构，尤其是半结构化页面，所以传统的自然语言处理技术并不能很好地适用于Web信息抽取，另外Web页面被浏览器识别、解释和显示并供用户查看和理解，其中包含了大量的视觉特征，如果把Web页面的这种视觉信息应用于信息抽取，就可以避免使用复杂的语言学知识。

Chapter Two points out that substantive movement operations play no role as processing mechanisms in current psycholinguistic theories and then reviews those frameworks that allow a direct mapping to surface syntactic relations, abjuring transformations of structure.

第二章首先指出实实在在的移位操作在当代心理语言学理论中作为句法机制已经不起作用，然后提供了避免结构转换，直接映现到表层句法关系的结构证据。

The cognitive interest in hyponymy is related to thehuman cognitive pattern, by means of which human beings categorize andconceptualize the world (Rosch 1973, 1976, 1978, Berlin 1973, 1976, 1978, WordNet).

相关的认知科学研究则关注人类对客观世界的分类模式和认知结构，其中包括认知心理学中的范畴理论和原型结构(Rosch1973，1976，1978)，人类语言学中的民俗生物分类(Berlin 1973，1976，1978)，以及信息科学中的WordNet等。

Methods The ontology basis of western and Chinese medicine were discussed from the aspect of ontology in the western philosophy,"manifestation" and "implication" of syndromes were studied from eastern philosophy,the surface structure and deep structure of syndromes were analyzed from linguistics,the "question of fact" and "question of normalization" considered in the thinking were expounded from noetic science,and the sequence and non-sequence constituted in the "cluster of symptoms and signs" of syndromes were explored from mathematics.

方法从西方哲学本体论的角度分别讨论中西医学的本体论基础，从东方哲学讨论证候的&象&与&意&；从语言学的角度分析证候的表层结构与深层结构；从思维学的角度论述思维所考虑的&事实问题&与&规范问题&；从数学的角度讨论构成证候的症状体征串的有序与无序。

It is also given a lively description of the competition between interrogatives of Ge VP and VPnegVP based on the sociolinguistic investigation.

不仅从共时与历时两方面来研究昆明方言，而且运用社会语言学的方法进行调查，挖掘在共时状态正在进行的语法变异暗流，发现受普通话影响，&VP不VP&结构已深入到昆明方言短语层面，在表示非疑问正反对举中，它已抢占了&格vP&结构的部分地盘，两者的竞争正在进行中。

Firstly, prosodic boundaries of 1991 common sentences were labeled based on speech perception experiment, relation between prosodic structure and syntactic structure was examined after immediate constituent analysis, an example of prosodic phrasing from text sentences was provided using CART. Then, using designed sentences, phenomena of downstep and declination in pitch downtrend of Chinese declarative sentences were examined, commonness and speciality of Chinese intonation were discussed.

中文摘要针对韵律短语切分问题，本研究首先基于语料库语言学的研究方法，对语料库中具有不同句法结构和韵律结构的1991个汉语常用句，进行了以语音感知为基础的韵律边界标注；对语料文本进行句法分析后，得到了各级韵律边界和句法边界的相互关系；并使用CART决策树对韵律短语边界进行了切分实验。

American descriptive linguistics ; grammar study of Chinese language ; substitution of identical form ; functional standard ; class of shape ; syntactical structure ; immediate constituents ; sentence as unit of analysis ; phrase as unit of analysis

本文集中从四个方面探讨描写语言学对汉语语法学的影响：语素分析法及词类归并原则的运用；突出短语结构在句法学中的地位，从形式入手分析句法结构、划定句子成分；直接成分分析法的运用；对汉语语法体系嬗变的影响。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。