结构语言学

With respect to phonetics, Distinctive Features for the phonetic syncopation of spatial information are extracted based on Bertin's retinal variables. The importance of geographic reality, cognitive laws and geometric laws in the syncopation is pointed out following the thorough inspection of the physical characteristics of spatial information and a phonetic hierarchy of phoneme、 phoneme combination is proposed after the summarization of different methods of syncopation in Psychology, Pattern Recognition, Mathematic Morphology and Cartography, which provides linguistic interpretation for cartographic symbol design and understanding. With respect to the property that map symbol is represented as the combination of attribute and geometry in digital form of spatial information, suprasegmental phoneme as unit is proposed which deals with the high level phonetic units and their structure with the bend of curve and the simple area of complex area as primitive.

在语音结构方面，基于Bertin的视觉变量，提取了产生空间信息语音切分的区别特征；对空间信息的物理特征进行了详尽分析，指出了地理真实、认知规律和几何规律在语音切分中的重要作用；在总结心理学、模式识别、数学形态学和地图学等相关切分理论的基础上，提出了空间信息音位系统以及音位组合规律，为地图符号设计与理解提供了语言学解释；针对地图符号通常在空间信息中表现为属性和形态相结合的特点，提出在超音段音位层次上重点关注以线切分单元——弯曲和复杂面切分单元——弯曲构成的简单面为基本元素的语音高级层次及其结构。

Based on"modern" linguistics, the former model comparatively discusses Noam Chomsky"s theory of the deep structure and Nida"s theory of the deep structure.

根据现代语言学，深层结构模式用比较的方法讨论了乔姆斯基的深层结构理论和奈达的深层结构理论。

Heard that the Law is based on structural linguistics and behavioral psychology as a theoretical foundation, students listening and speaking ability of teaching methods; and the communicative approach is based on the theoretical basis for social linguistics, students focus on the communicative competence.

听说法是以结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学为理论基础，培养学生听说能力的教学方法；而交际法是以社会语言学为理论基础，注重培养学生的交际能力。

Secondly, we applied many modern linguistic methods or theoris, such as mathematical statistic, reanalysis, transformational analysis, semantic analysis, semantic direction, internal reconstruction and prosodic word theory to the definition and division of modern Chinese resultative verb, and we made a detailed description about the emerging and development of resultative verb. Finaly, we reached a conclusion that the emerging and development of resultative verb came into full use after Sui-Tang Dynasty but not before Sui-Tang Dynasty.

其次，本文综合运用&数量统计&、&重新分析&、&变换分析&、&义素分析&、&语义指向&、&内部构拟&、&韵律词&等现代语言学方法或理论，对现代汉语的动补结构进行了理论界定，对动补结构的产生及其发展进行了详尽的描述，得出动补结构的普遍运用是在隋唐以后的结论。

The paper is an attempt to interpret English learner's dictionaries from the perspective of structuralism:to analyze the structure of learner's dictionaries in terms of system,to explore the nature of headwords,defi ning words and illustrative examples according to the distinction of langue and parole,to discuss the syntactic practice and descriptive principle of pedagogical lexicography,and to examine the application of markedness theory.

本文从结构主义语言学视角对英语学习词典进行解读：从系统角度剖析学习词典文本的结构，从语言和言语的划分来考察词目词、释义语言和例证语言的实质，分析学习词典编纂的共时性原则和以描写主义为主，同规定主义相结合的编纂原则，探讨标记理论在学习词典编纂中的运用，并指出结构主义仍然是学习词典编纂的基石。

With genre theories from Swales and Bhatia and recent researches concerning academic writing, a cross-cultural genre-based comparative study of the main sections (abstract, introduction, results and discussion) of English research articles from Chinese Medical Community and English Medical Community in the field of cardiology was performed.

本文基于Swales 和Bhatia的体裁分析理论以及近年来语言学领域各种研究成果，对中国医学界和英语国家医学界心脏学科的科研论文的摘要，引言，结果和讨论分析等四部分进行了详尽的分析，并着重对比中国医学界及英语国家医学界心脏学科的科研论文在结构及使用先行词it结构（部分汉语中有替代表达的先行词it结构除外）方面的差异。

The macro-structural analysis is based on Swales"s (1990) Move-step model, while drawing insights from Motta-Roth"s (1995b) schema theory and Nicolaisens (2002a) move model.

本文的分析分为两大层面，第一层面从宏观上分析汉语学术书评的结构特点，参照Swales(1990)的Move-Step分析模式，以Motta-Roth(1995b)和Nicolaisens(2002a)归纳的书评结构图式为基础，得出自己的汉语语言学学术书评的宏观结构特征。

Different linguistics theories, such as structuralism, transformational grammar, functionalism , sociolinguistics, semiotics, philosophy, and psychology have contributed to new viewpoints, theories, methods, and skills for translation.

翻译研究者们在现代语言学的结构理论、转换生成理论、功能理论、社会语言学、符号学研究、哲学、心理学等影响下，分别从不同的角度，试图对翻译这个古老的话题赋予新的含义，增添新的内容，从而提出新的研究方法、理论模式和翻译技巧

Traditional grammer phase ; The beginning of contemporay linguistics ; Structuralist grammer phase ; Transformational generative grammar phase

从历时的角度回顾了西方语言学的发展历史，并根据各个时期的特点，把它分为四个阶段：传统语法学阶段、现代语言学的开端、结构主义语法学阶段、转换生成语法学阶段，并概述了各个时期的特点及重要贡献。

Using stratificational grammar of structuralist linguistics for reference, the first chapter analyses the conventional categories and schema, principle, character of news structure and relations between them and cognition. Based on the analysis of news examples, the chapter draws the conclusions: first, news discourse consists of six basic categories of headline, lead, event, consequence/reaction, background and comment.

本论文结合英美学派和法德学派的话语分析法对新闻话语进行系统、深入的研究，共分五章：第一章借鉴结构主义语言学的层次法分析新闻话语结构的常规范畴和程式、结构原则和特性以及它们与认知之间的关系。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。