结构语言学

Chapter i discusses the theoretical framework on which this study is based, pointing out the contradictions and deficiency of the preceding studies on the categorial shift issue, analyzing critically the theoretical basis of the traditional structuralism, and elucidating the fundamental concepts and viewpoints of the adopted theories of cognitive linguistics.

第一章是全文论述的理论基础，指出了前人关于动名相互转化研究的矛盾和不足，分析了传统的结构主义语法的理论基础，阐述了本文所认同的&认知语言学&的基本观点和相关理论。

Those pragmatic functions of form of address,such as its social deictic function,the politeness markedness function,and its essential functions in the conversational analysis have attached much more significance to literature and linguistics as well.

这种称呼语的语用功能，比如其社会指示功能，礼貌标记功能，及在会话结构的分析中所起到的作用对于语言学和文学研究的结合有着重要的意义。

So to analyze in the aspect of description, it is useful to delouse the fount how inarticulateness comes into being; Based on the economic relationship and from the viewpoint of the pursuit of aim, the object of studying, the original creation of aesthetics, as well as the articulate knowledge and inarticulate knowledge, Polanyi distinguished the acquisitive way of science and technology. The development model of personal Knowledge can be generalized as the enthusiasm of seeking knowledge; Polanyi revealed how personal factors of mathematician cut across logical chasm, and gained mathematics findings in math" s activities. Thus he proved mathematics was also activity-needed techniques as natural science; Last evaluating the theory of "Personal Knowledge systematically, it can reveal its realistic significance and limitation.

波兰尼把认知结构区分为可言传知识与不可言传知识，与20世纪以来西方哲学的中心课题转向语言学的研究一致，所以从言述的角度出发，有助于了解不可言传性如何形成的根源；波兰尼以经济关系为立足点，从科学与技术的目的追求、研究对象、美的原创性，以及从可言传知识与默会知识的角度对两者的获取途径做了区分；其个人知识发展模式可以概括为：求知热情→启发性热情→说服性热情……；波兰尼揭示出数学家的个人因素是如何在数学活动中跨越逻辑鸿沟，取得数学发现的，从而证明数学同自然科学一样，也是一项需要技能的活动；最后对&个人知识&理论作一系统的评价，揭示&个人知识&理论的现实意义和局限性。

In recent years cognitive psychology has been related to mentalistic approaches to linguistics, especially Chomsky's TRANSFORMATIONAL GENERATIVE GRAMMAR, which links language structure to the nature of human cognitive processes.

近年来认知心理学已与语言学的心灵主义联系起来，特别是与乔姆斯基的转换生成语法联系起来。转换生成语法将语言结构与人类认知过程的本质联系一起。

Convention T, linguistic formal theory, mention and use, self-reference, linguistic paradox are both the components of philosophical metalinguistic theory, which not only has direct effects on the establishment of the theory of linguistic metalanguage but also as a principle of modern methodology set significant effects on the linguistic turn of modern philosophy as well as the western humanities and social science.

首先，对&元语言&、&对象语言&和&语言&等术语进行辨析，简要概括元语言的特性和元语言理论的研究现状，阐明&方法论原则&的含义；第二，对哲学的元语言理论的源流进行梳理，并阐述其内容和方法论意义；第三，以语符学、结构语义学、元语用学、元语言功能学说为中心，阐明语言学的元语言理论及其对哲学的元语言理论的继承与发展；最后，考察修辞学领域的元语言研究，并结合汉语实际，分析元语言修辞现象。

ABSTRACT:This paper mainly deals with Rhetorical Structure Theory in textual linguistics and discourse analysis, giving focuses on both nucleus-satellite relationship and multinuclear relationship.

本文简要论述了篇章语言学与语段分析中的修辞结构理论（Rhetorical Structure Theory 简称RST理论）。重点论述了RST的聚核-从属关系、多聚核关系以及两个个例研究。

Thus, this paper starts with the ontogenesis of TV symbolic system and attempts to draw an outline for television symbolic system, on the basis of the research achievement of symbology, linguistics and aesthetic psychology. Furthermore, it also discuss what kind of television symbols have the function of review and how this symbols organized and structure together, in order to fulfill the process of review in purpose.

本文从电视符号体系的本体论入手，借鉴符号学、语言学、审美心理学的研究成果，论述电视述评的传播符号和话语系统，并在此基础上具体研究哪些电视符号能够承担评论功能，它们又是如何组织、结构来完成论说的过程，实现&说理&目的的。

Saussure's linguistic study can be viewed as a self-motivated scientistic one as he defined language as "a self-sufficient structural system".

索绪尔的语言学研究，从他对语言&自足的结构系统&这一定义来看，是自觉的科学主义研究。

He attacked every weak points in my argument./ His criticisms were right on targer./ I'demolished his argument./ I've never won an argument with him.

认知语言学认为一个概念隐喻包含两个部分：一个始源域和一个目标域，隐喻的认知力量就在于将始源域的图式结构映射到目标域之上［6］。

The dissertation thinks that Lotman's theory of the cultural semiotic poetics not only has inherited Saussure's tradition of structuralism linguistics, but also initiative has absorbed Pierce's semiotic theory cream, and has come true to exceed two big semiotic tradition in Europe and America.

论文认为，洛特曼的文化符号诗学理论不仅继承了索绪尔结构主义语言学的传统，而且还主动吸收了皮尔斯符号学的理论精华，并在一定程度上实现了对欧美符号学两大传统的超越。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。