结构破坏

Based on the theories of rheology, Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, petroleum chemistry, crystallography and pipeline technology etc. and sampling Huabei crudes, experimental indexes and programmes are drew out, integrating the oil properties and parameter analysis; in terms of the macro analysis of continuum mechanics, substantial experiments are conducted with HAAKE RS600 rotational rheometer and the rheological equation as well as the viscosity-temperature equation are further developed with tested rhrogramme and viscosity-temperature curve, respectively. Beased on the researches on thixotropic mechanism and thixotropy fluid property, hysteresis loop curve, structure failure and viscosity build-up curve as well as shear stress decrement curve for one type oil are first present in this paper. According to the theoretical researches and testing results, a novel thixotropy equationwith τ=τ_∞e~ pattern, which is of hi-accuracy, few parameter and simplicity, is developed.Considering the influence of various parameters on rheological behaviour, depressant adding condition is optimized and experimental evaluation on BEM-5P is conducted, which further unrip its mechanism on the Huabei crude. A corresponding viable pipe transportion programmel is also recommended.

本文基于原油流变学、非牛顿流体力学、石油化学、结晶学、原油管输工艺学等理论，以华北原油为研究对象，结合原油物性及实验影响因素分析，制定出实验研究的评价指标及实验方案；从连续介质力学宏观分析的角度，利用HAAKE RS600高端旋转流变仪开展了大量的室内实验，并运用微观研究方法，测定了油样的流变曲线和粘温曲线，建立了流变方程和粘温方程；通过对触变性机理和触变性流体特征的研究，首次对华北原油测定出滞回环曲线、结构破坏与恢复粘时曲线、剪切应力裂降过程曲线，并在理论研究和实验结果的基础之上，建立了能定量描述含蜡原油剪切应力裂降过程的新型三参数触变模式τ=τ_∞e~b/(t+c，该模型具有精度高、参数少、实验简便且适用性强的特点；通过对含蜡原油流变性的影响因素理论研究，开展了加剂条件优选及BEM-5P降凝剂室内评价实验，进一步揭示了降凝剂对华北原油作用机理，在此基础之上，提出了华北原油管输的可行性方案。

The research results indicate:(1)The combustion of emulsion explosive matrix is a course of emulsion being destroyed, oil phase and water phase disjoining, water component vaporizing, organic matter carbonizing, then the system firing till reactant being consuming.

研究表明：(1)乳化炸药基质试样的燃烧过程是乳状液结构破坏、油水相分离、水分蒸发和有机物质碳化，然后系统发火，待反应物质消耗殆尽时，系统熄火。

The following theoretic analysis shows that structure damages such as external-bounded electrode ungluing and solder joint melting are caused by airflow erosion,centrifugal force and a block temperature of more than 400 ℃ on the nose of the fuze due to the high velocity of the shell.

理论分析说明：由于弹速高，空气阻力使引信头部产生超过400 ℃的阻滞温度，加上气流冲刷和离心力，造成的外贴电极开胶和焊点熔化等结构破坏。

However, some cable dampers of cable stay bridge; Tune Mass Damper working in a long time, and strong vibration environment are very easy to have leaking, and dampers failing which may cause a serious result in the structure.

可对于应用到振动频繁的斜拉索、 TMD 等工作环境下的阻尼器，漏油问题会很容易发生，带来阻尼器失效，甚至引起结构破坏的恶果。

When the freezing-thawing medium was bitterns from Xinjiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia or Xizang salt lakes, addition of fibers prevented the formulation of salt crystal, which would lead to fracture of concretes, in fiber reinforced HPC that resulted in the high bittern-freezing-thawing durability of fiber reinforced HPC exposed to salt lakes.

阐述了西藏、内蒙古、新疆和青海盐湖卤水中冻融时，纤维增强高性能混凝土内部不能形成足以导致结构破坏的盐结晶压，具有很高的抗卤水冻蚀性。

RESULTS: At 12 weeks after infusing thioacetamide, pathological section showed that hepatic lobules were destroyed; hepatic cord was disordered; liver cells had adipose degeneration, with few necrotic cells; interstitial fibrous tissues were hyperplastic, and folioles in some fibrous tissues, inflammatory cell infiltration were detected. These were the symptom of hepatic fibrosis.

结果：注射硫代乙酰胺12周时，病理切片显示肝小叶结构破坏，肝索排列紊乱，肝细胞脂肪变性，有少许坏死，间质纤维组织增生，有部分伸入小叶，有炎性细胞浸润，为肝纤维化症状。

The pathological changes of major organs included hyperaemia, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and apoptosis.

感染后小鼠主要脏器均表现为充血、水肿、组织结构破坏、炎症细胞浸润，电镜下可见肝细胞凋亡。

The myocardial fibers are beginning to lose cross striations and the nuclei are not clearly visible in most of the cells seen here.

心肌纤维的肌丝肌节结构破坏并且大多数细胞核不清楚，注意许多不规则的较暗的粉红的波浪状的并列的肌纤维。

Osteoporosis is a metabolism disease of micro bone tissue disorganization , bony mineral matter and bony matrix reduce at same rate, sclerotin turn week, trabecula of bone decrease ,which make the brittleness of bone raise and fracture easily.It is common illness and frequently occurring illness in old people ,even in menopause women.

骨质疏松(Osteoporosis，OP)是一种以骨组织显微结构破坏、骨矿成分和骨基质等比例地不断减少，骨质变薄，骨小梁数量减少，导致骨骼脆性增加和易发生骨折的全身代谢障碍性疾病，是老年人的常见病与多发病，尤以绝经妇女为重。

The relationships between strain and stress of several kinds of high strength fibers, such as Kevlar, Twaron and Dyneema were obtained, and the dependence of mechanical properties of fibers on the strain rate was gotten and explained from the microstructures and deformation mechanism of fibers. Then, the damage and failures of plates with the reinforcement of fibers under high velocity impacting were studied experimentally. Based on experimental results, a set of equations was presented to depicted the deceleration of penetrator. The dynamic response of fiber cluster and sandwich were simulated successfully with a new algorithm and code, which was developped by our group. The coupling effect of stress wave and thermal conduction could be considered with acceptable accuracy and CPU time.

其中，获得了以芳纶纤维为代表的7种纤维的动态应力应变关系，从材料微观机制解释了纤维束的应变率相关特征；得到了板材在高速冲击下的能量吸收机理，以及影响能量吸收机制转变的主要因素；发展了一种新型的原位光学测试技术，以之可以测量试件在冲击加载下的变形场及其演化，该技术除了在本项目应用外，还可以对剪切带的萌生演化、孔洞动态扩张规律进行较好的观察，以弥补相关研究中实验证据的缺乏；发展了含热传导的冲击动力学有限元程序，在侵彻、绝热剪切带、脉冲激光诱导结构破坏等问题的分析中得到了较好的应用。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。