结构段

The results of the site experiment showed that the reinforcing bar stresses during construction period were not very high and changed mainly with the variation of concrete temperature after the deadweight stress was formed.

为此，在三峡水利枢纽永久船闸输水隧洞北一延长段NY9和NY10结构段，进行了浇筑温控混凝土和常规混凝土的衬砌温度与钢筋应力现场试验研究，分析了衬砌中钢筋在施工期的受力情况及其变化发展规律，对钢筋应力与混凝土温度变化的关系进行了深入分析。

However, more perfect structure of PEO segments is formed when the system exits in semicrystalline-semicrystalline state.3 When the composition of hard segments is 30%, the crystallizability of PETsegments exerts strong influence on the nucleation mechanism and growthdimensions of soft segments.

PEO嵌段的晶体尺寸小，结构不规整，结晶度低；当体系处于结晶—结晶态时，PEO嵌段的晶体结构比较规整，而且此时软段长度对其形态影响也比较大。3硬段含量为30％时，它的结晶与否直接影响软段晶体的成核及生长方式。

First mostly contraposing hull deck structure it goes along FEA analysis, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different simplifications of the mathematical model, thereinto mostly analyse five different simplifications of the deck model; Second contraposing hold section and hull deck structure it goes along FEA analysis together, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different elements style, gridding number and gridding density, thereinto mostly analyse the difference between adopting 8 node shell element and 4 node shell element, nondense gridding and thick gridding, and numerous gridding number and few gridding number, In the end mostly contraposing hold section structure it goes along FEA analysis, discuss the different influence degree of calculational results between the different boundary conditions, thereinto mostly analyse the difference between adopting CCS boundary conditions and LR boundary conditions.

首先主要针对船体甲板结构进行分析研究，讨论结构简化不同对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了五种不同甲板结构简化模型；紧接着针对舱段与甲板结构一起进行分析研究，讨论单元类型，网格数量与密度的不同对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了分别采用8节点板壳单元与4节点板壳单元的不同，以及分别采用疏的网格与密的网格，多的网格数量与少的网格数量的计算结果的差异。最后主要针对舱段模型进行分析研究，讨论不同的边界条件对有限元计算结果的影响程度，其中主要研究分析了分别采用CCS舱段边界条件与LR舱段边界条件进行有限元计算而带来的结果上的差异。本文第二部分为港工建筑物中的大直径薄壁圆筒结构的有限元比较分析。在研究大圆筒的有限元比较分析中，主要讨论用不同的网格密度与数量来划分网格引起的差异。其中用了网格密，数量多与网格疏，数量少两种模型进行大圆筒结构的有限元分析对比

It was point out that main roof can form the voussoir beam structures in the inclination, and immediate roof located at the middle\|lower section of a longwall face probably forms a voussoir arch structure with a small scale because of waste filling.

提出了大倾角条件下老顶岩层在运动中易于形成倾斜砌体结构板大结构，直接顶岩层则因上段冒落矸石充填，在采场中下段形成砌体梁小结构，并探讨了中下段小结构平衡的极限条件和结构失稳形式

Two ends of s shape bent waveguide respectively coaxially link perpendicular waveguide input and output section.

直波导输入输出段、S形弯曲坡面结构、长方体结构和平面光传输波导位于基版的表面，S形弯曲波导位于S形弯曲坡面结构的表面，直波导输入输出段位于长方体结构的表面，基版上的直波导输入输出段和位于长方体结构上的直波导输入输出段通过S形弯曲波导连接，S形弯曲波导的两端分别与直波导输入输出段同轴相切相接。

The synthesized PCU was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and tensile strength measurement. The IR showed that the polymer synthesized by the above two methods both have the polycarbonate-urethane structure and the tensile measurement showed good mechanical performance of the polymer. The DSC and TGA data showed that there is an obvious soft-hard glass transition area, which indicated the existence of the micro-phase separation structure. The extent of the phase separation was affected by the ratio of starting materials, the molecular weight of PCD, and the polymerization method. The decomposition upon heating was observed in two steps. SAXS result showed that the radius (r_2), the distance between domains (d_2), and gyral radius (R_2) of hard segment micro-domain were fairly affected by the starting materials ratio and soft segment content.

IR结果表明两种方法合成的聚合产物均具有聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的结构；拉伸实验表明聚合产物具有良好的力学性能；DSC、TG结果表明，聚合物呈现出较为明显的软硬段玻璃化转变区，表明存在微相分离的结构，相分离的程度受原料配比、软段分子量、聚合方法的影响，其热分解分为明显的两个阶段； SAXS结果表明，聚合物原料配比、软段含量的变化对硬段微区回旋半径R_2，微区间距d_2，微区半径r_2影响不大其值分别为9.5(A|°、29、7.4，但对软段的微区半径及间距影响较大，随着软段含量的增大，软段微区的半径r1和间距d1都增大。

DSC and WAXD studies showed that the block copolymers were meltable, and due mainly to the flexible nylon6 segments.

采用DSC热分析的方法，结合WAXD，研究发现，所合成的嵌段共聚物具有可熔融的性质，主要的转变来自柔性的尼龙链段；通过对聚合物空间立体结构的改造，分子链中间位结构的引入以及两嵌段组分分子间和分子内的相互作用强烈影响嵌段共聚物的结晶行为，使结晶更不完善，晶体结构更为疏松，自聚集倾向在很大程度上得到抑制。

The compensator is made up with compensate pipeline, two flanges fixedly connected with the compensate pipeline and a diversion knot fixedly connected with one of the two flanges and installed in compensate pipeline. Tube wall's structure is as follows: outer layer is fibre enhanced elastomer composite material whose concrete form is fibre cloth enhanced latex mixedly weaved by non-asbestos fibre and steel wire; the second layer is anti corrosive coating wax cloth made by polytetrafluoroethylene; the third layer is thermal protective coating made by glass wool or refractory wool in block shape between two layers of glass fibre clothes; inter layer is dust layer made by glass fibre dilatants voile fabric braided after surface treatment.

本发明的一种多层结构纤维增强弹性体管道补偿器，由补偿管段、与补偿管段两端固定连接的两个法兰、以及一端与两个法兰之一固定连接而安装在补偿管段内的导流套构成，补偿管段的管壁结构为：外层为纤维增强弹性体复合材料，该材料的具体形式是非石棉纤维与钢丝混合编织的纤维布增强橡胶；第二层是由聚四氟乙烯漆布构成的防腐层；第三层是由两层玻璃纤维布之间包覆的块状玻璃棉或陶瓷棉构成的隔热层；内层是经表面处理的玻璃纤维膨体纱编织布构成的防尘层。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The analysis of polymer structure indicates that the non-crystalline phase is the majority of the agglomerate structure and the crystalline phase is the minority, the highest crystal value only reaches the level of 0.1646;There is a definite interactionadditives and PVA, which not only reduces the crystal value of ASPE to make amorphous areas enlarge but also improve the ability of segmental motion by destroying the well-regulated and orderly character of polymer chain, meanwhile restricts the mobility of potassium cation and enhances the anionic transference number of hydroxide ions, all these improve the ionic conductivity;The ionic conductivity occurs essentially within the amorphous phase of the ASPE;The structure of ASPE doesnt change in the range of our test temperature, this means, the temperature only takes effect on degradation of complex in certain compositions, ionic mobility and segmental motions of the polymer chain.

聚合物结构分析表明：碱性固体聚合物电解质中凝聚态结构以非晶态为主，仅有少量的晶态，结晶度最大为0.1646；添加的各组分与PVA之间都有一定的相互作用，这种作用不仅破坏了聚合物链段的规整性，能够降低聚合物的结晶度，增大无定形区域，提高链段运动的能力，同时这种作用限制K~+离子的运动，提高OH~-的迁移率，从而提高离子电导率；碱性聚合物电解质的离子传导主要发生在无定形区；在本实验测试离子电导率温度范围内，聚合物内部的结构不会发生变化，即温度只会影响电解质内部络合物解离程度和载流子迁移以及聚合物链段运动的情况。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失