结构工程

The paper presents how to use the technique of OLE and ARX of AutoCAD to build the geometrical model, the finite element model of the given structure visually and use the template and wizard to build the optimization model of it. During the iterative process of the optimization, the method of tracing visualization and interactive control is also provided. Some examples are given to show the appliance of visualization aided structural optimization. Finally, the work of systematic integration is carried out.

同时论述了在优化建模中运用OLE ARX技术实现可视化地建立优化对象的几何模型，结构有限元模型，以及使用模板和专家向导来辅助建立优化模型；在优化迭代过程中实现了跟踪可视和交互式监控，以具体的例子说明了在可视化技术辅助下的结构优化在工程中的应用。

The four well-known skeleton hydro-power stations of West-East Electricity Transmission Project, named Xiangjiaba, Xiluodu, Baihetan and Wudongde from the lower reaches of Jinshajiang River to upriver reaches, are all distributed in this area. Based on the analysis of the resource exploitation and industry sustainable development status, current problems and future scenarios, the main conclusions go as follows:(1) There are abundant and varied agricultural resources, widely distributed mineral resources with valuable predominant minerals, potential tourism resources, but some main problems such as lower level of exploration and development, serious waste and pollution, restraints of financing and transportation and eco-environmental frangibility still call for immediate solution;(2) Regional economy develops fast but the overall level is low-farming and animal husbandry industries, In which crop-plantation takes the main part, dominates in the sectional structure of economy, and forestry and specialty industries need to be further developed. The existed restraints such as unbalanced structural and regional economic distribution, acute structural deficiency and low economic efficiency need to be cleared out, of the way to a sustainable future.

西电东送骨干工程的向家坝、溪洛渡、白鹤滩、乌东德四大水电站均分布在这一江段通过对该区域资源开发和产业发展的现状、问题和发展前景进行分析，得到如下主要结论：(1)该区域农业资源丰富多样，矿产资源分布广泛且优势矿种地位突出，旅游资源待开发潜力巨大，但是资源开发却面临着勘探开发程度不够、浪费污染严重、资金交通制约和生态环境脆弱等几大问题；(2)区域产业经济发展迅速但总体水平低，部门结构中以种植业为主的农牧业占主导，林牧业和特色产业有待进一步开发，产业发展面临着部类和区域不均衡、结构矛盾突出以及效益低下等问题的困扰。

By applying the principle of control theory and taking a grillage structure as an example, this paper analyses and discusses how the active control method is used to reduce the elastic vibrations of ocean engineering structures.

本文应用控制论原理，以一个板架结构为例，分析、探讨了采用主动控制方法减小海洋工程结构弹性振动的新问题。

The flexible stratified gunite taking double-rope as the frame structure is combined with high intensity grouted bolt to form the wall rock so as to raise the intensity of soft rock.

采用以双层钢丝绳为骨架的柔性喷层结构与以锚注高强度水泥浆液在稳压状态下胶结围岩，提高软弱岩、煤体自身强度，以监测监控为手段，根据应力变化和巷道移变速度，对围岩体内反复注浆加固，使岩体成为支护结构主体，实现了真正意义上的主动支护，并在工程中进行了实践。

Results show that gas release in gassy sand will cause the additive deformation of tunnel and additive stress of the shield segment, and make important impacts on the global displacement of tunnel but little influences on the stress of shield segments and the relative displacement of tunnel. It is inclined to arouse the differential settlement and cracks on the tunnel so as to cause hazardousness. Re-accumulating of the gas can also produce additional stress and the additive resilience, but it can be ignored in practical engineering because the influence degree is small. The shallow gas in reservoirs is appropriate to be discharged before construction of the subway tunnel.

研究结果表明：气体释放将引起隧道产生附加变形和管片附加应力，浅层气体释放对地铁隧道结构应力和结构相对变形影响较小，而对隧道整体位移影响较大，易引起不均匀沉降，导致隧道裂缝或断裂，进而引发危险；气体重新回聚时，隧道产生的附加应力和回弹位移量较小，工程中可不予考虑；地铁隧道施工前，宜对浅层气体进行预先排放。

In many practical engineering problems, the structural parameters are uncertain, for example, the inaccuracy of m...

工程结构中的分析和设计方法一般是基于确定的结构参数和确定的数学模型。

The method adopted include mainly intermix in deep layer, high pressure spray casting and pressure casting etc.

多种支护结构型式的综合应用是解决特殊地区基坑工程结构支护的有效办法。

Because of the complexity of the interval algorithm, it is difficult to deal with practical engineering problems.

工程结构中的分析和设计方法一般是基于确定性的结构参数和确定性的数学模型。

The paper is based on the construction of the express - highway between yiyang and changde in hunan province , aiming at enhancing the serviceability of cement concrete pavement , probing into the structural assemblage of the cement concrete pavement , the roadway drainage system , contraction joint with the dowel bar and precaution of bumping at the end of the abutment . it presents some achievements of the research , including more reasonable structural assemblage and roadway drainage system , the method of setting dowelled bar in contraction joint , putting forward the concept of stage - transition from rigid to flexile behind abutment

本文以湖南省益阳至常德高速公路项目为依托，以提高水泥混凝土路面使用性能为目标，就水泥混凝土路面结构组合、路面排水系统、缩缝设置传力杆、桥头跳车问题的防治等方面开展研究和工程实践，取得了丰富的研究成果，如研究采用了更合理的路面结构组合，设置了较完善的路面排水系统，在国内高速公路上率先全面采用缩缝加传力杆技术，对所有桥涵构造物台背全部采用刚柔过渡技术处理桥头跳车问题等。

The conclusions that the thesis achievements have important meanings for the design calculation of the complex structure of prestressed anchor-rope and lattice beam in engineering, and they also have certain reference value when study deeply on the action mechanism of this complex structure.

文中所获得的结论，对工程中的预应力锚索格构梁复合结构的设计计算具有重要意义，对于深入研究预应力锚索格构梁复合结构的作用机理，也具有一定的参考价值。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。