结构工程

At December 13, 2001 State Grand Theatre project formally began, a national project manager Zhaoguangming Grand Theatre, Grand Theatre works against national exceptional geographical location and structure curve more, tall space, the technology complex, difficult construction characteristics, developing a long-term work plans and objectives, namely completion of the Grand Theatre project managers cultivate a group.

在2001年12月13日国家大剧院工程正式开工后，身为国家大剧院项目经理的赵光明，针对国家大剧院工程所处的特殊地理位置和结构曲线多、空间高大、技术复杂、施工难度大等特点，制定了长远工作计划和目标，即大剧院工程完工后培养出一批管理人才。

It is of importance to capture the extreme value distribution of dynamic stochastic response of structures for reliability evaluation of engineering structures.

1引言 在工程实践中，结构的参数或激励往往具有很强的随机性，因而导致结构动力响应是一个随机过程，这使得有效地把握结构的动力反应特别是非线性动力反应和结构动力可靠度迄今为止仍是相当困难的课题t'，'〕。

Through specific engineering, it illustrates simplified model of grid on rigidity simulation and irregular frame structure for ferroconcrete structure, discusses series problems because of irregular structure, and puts forward relative solution and structural measures.

通过工程实例，阐述了网架在钢筋混凝土结构计算中刚度模拟、规则框架结构的模型简化，讨论了由于刚网架的不规则性给结构计算带来的一系列问题，并提出了相应的解决方法及结构措施。

Now the controllability theory in linear systems over the field R of real numbers has been heavily studied. This theory is efficacious for analyzing the characters which are determined by the value of physical parameters and system structure, nevertheless a practical system has a definite structure and has approximate, even unknown parameter sometimes because of a limit to experiment conditions, or a limit to making technology, the errors of observation. It is inconvenience for a linear system over the field R of real numbers to analyze the structure characters of a physical system, such as structural controllability.

目前，实数域上的系统的完全能控性理论研究已经很成熟了，它用于分析系统结构和物理参量的值共同决定的那些性能是有效的，然而，在工程中，由于实验条件或者制造工艺上的限制和观测上的误差，以及人为地对数据的近似处理，一个实际系统往往其结构是确定的，而参数只是近似的甚至未知的，实数域上的系统不便于分析物理系统的结构性质，如结构能控性。

On the basis of gathering data from previous study and researching the stabilization and reinforcing technique of the typical high slope in west approach road, through in-situ tracking investigation and monitoring to the west road, and by way of studying the interaction between slope body and anchoring structure, monitoring data, the result of grey prediction and fuzzy comprehensive assessment, and adopting the idea of integrating prototype investigation and indoor experiment analysis, mechanism analysis and simulation research method, safety factor analysis and interacting relationship study, in-situ monitoring and safety evaluation, and using the theories of engineering geology, geotechnique, rock body mechanic, finite element method and fuzzy mathematics, this paper studies the long-term safety of the typical high slope specially.

本文在收集前人研究资料的基础上，采用原型调研与室内分析相结合、机制分析与模拟研究相结合、安全系数分析与相互作用关系研究相结合、现场监测与安全性评价相结合的思想，通过对鹧鸪山隧道西引道典型高边坡的现场跟踪调研与监测，运用工程地质、岩土工程、岩体力学、有限元理论、灰色系统理论、模糊数学等先进理论和方法，在对西引道典型高边坡的稳定性、整治与加固技术研究的基础上，通过边坡地质体与锚固结构相互作用分析、边坡监测数据分析、边坡变形灰预测分析以及模糊综合评判等途径，重点对治理后的典型高边坡的长期工程安全性进行了系统深入的研究。

From the angle of engineering application, this article analysed the corrosion characteristics and damage causes of the current structural used concrete in the region of Hangzhou gulf, on the basis of on-site survey of all the Marine concrete projects in that area. Taking HPC used in Marine as research objective, this article put great emphasis on the influence of the composition cementing material system to concrete performance, and make a preliminary probe into the action mechanism of the composite effects of various mineral materials in improving the performance of concrete by laser measuring size machine and EMPA. Through experiments, the article discussed how chloride ingression in concrete will be effected by such factors as exposure time, chloride binding, environment temperature, stress and cracks conditions; and also analysed the symptoms of these factors in the model of concrete service life prediction by conference to all related research reports both home and aboard. On the foundation of abovementioned research, this paper brought up an engineering model of service life prediction of marine concrete, which is based on chloride-induced corrosion.

本文从工程应用的角度，在对杭州湾地区既有海工混凝土工程作实地调研的基础上，研究分析杭州湾地区既有海工混凝土结构的腐蚀特点和破坏原因；以海工高性能混凝土为研究对象，着重研究复合胶凝材料体系对混凝土性能的影响，并应用激光粒度仪、EMPA等分析手段，就复合胶凝材料的作用机理进行初步探讨；试验研究混凝土暴露时间、胶凝材料对氯离子的吸附、环境温度、应力和裂缝状态等因素对混凝土中氯离子迁移运动的影响，并结合国内外相关研究报导，探讨这些因素在混凝土使用寿命预测模型中的表征；在上述研究基础上，提出以氯离子侵蚀为基础的海工混凝土使用寿命预测的工程应用模型。

In this paper, intersectional field of engineering and sociology is chosen as the breakthrough point. As a preliminary analysis of engineering sociology, this paper discusses the relationship between engineering and public, socio-cultural, social structure, social networks, lifestyle, economy level, and environment quality, and studies the impact of public participation guidance on renewal project.

本文选择工程学和社会学交叉领域为切入点，以旧城住区更新工程建设中的公众参与分析和引导为视角，通过系统研究工程与公众、社会文化、社会结构、社会网络、生活方式、经济水平、环境质量等多方面的关系，对工程社会学进行了拓展研究。

Based on the finite element inverse analysis and the least squares method, a method is established to identify loads on piezoelectric smart structures. The method chooses the piezoelectric responsive charge as the parameter in the object function.

本文从航空航天等领域利用压电智能结构进行结构健康监控的工程背景出发，对压电智能材料结构承受低能量冲击荷载及损伤的识别问题进行了研究，重点对压电智能材料结构的荷载识别方法进行了较广泛、深入的研究。

Our country firstly put forward such design principle of Qinghai-Tibet railway engineering as "lower temperature actively, reduce the heat into the subsoil, and assure the heat stability of frozen earth for the quality stability of construction", creatively adopt such corresponding measures of frozen earth construction problem as: for the poor frozen earth developing section, line should avoid as possible;for the geology of ice at high temperature and unstable frozen earth zone, the method of bridge instead of subgrade shall be adopted;in subgradeconstruction, such facilities as heat stick, rubble ventilation subgrade , rubble ventilation berm, ventilation pipe subgrade and laying heat preservation board etc shall be adopted to raise the stability of frozen earth subgrade;during the excavation of bridge, culvert , foundation pit and scouring prevention trough, creatively adopt single-tooth knapper and solve the problem of frozen earth excavation;during the construction of bridge and culvert, durable concrete and three-step maintenance method are adopted to assure the outside and inside beauty of structure.

我国在世界上首次提出"主动降温、减少传入地基土的热量、保证多年冻土的热稳定性，从而保证修筑在上面的工程质量的稳定性"的青藏铁路工程设计原则，创造性地采取了解决冻土施工难题的相应对策：对于不良冻土现象发育地段、线路尽量绕避；对于高温极不稳定冻土区的高含冰量地质，采取"以桥代路"的办法；在路基施工中采用了热棒、片石通风路基、片石通风护道、通风管路基、铺设保温板等多项设施，提高冻土路基的稳定性；在桥涵基坑、挡水埝基槽开挖中，创造性地应用了单齿破碎器，解决了冻土开挖难题；在桥涵工程施工中，采用了耐久性混凝土，采用了三步养生法，保证了结构物内实外美。

Used in a same engineering example,the structure behavior and main features of multistory light gauge steel structure s are discussed in this paper.

介绍了轻钢龙骨体系的主要特点，通过对某工程分别采用轻钢龙骨结构和混凝土结构等其他结构方案的对比分析，表明了该结构体系在我国大多数地区建造是切实可行的，符合现行相关规范的要求

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐