结构工程

In order to understand the seismic performance of the large complex structure with basement, the structure-pile-soil finite element model of two typical cross sections of the Tianjin Transportation Junction were established by using the ANSYS software. The elasto-plastic time history analysis was made, and the seismic responses of the whole system under the horizontal seismic load were got. Comparing the results of the seismic response with the rigid foundation model, some reasonable conclusions are drawn.

为弄清楚带有地下室大型复杂结构的抗震性能，本文针对天津站交通枢纽工程，分别取结构典型的横向及纵向剖面，应用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS，建立了结构－桩－土体系相互作用的有限元模型，采用动力时程分析方法，研究体系在水平地震作用下的弹塑性动力反应规律，分析结构在地震动作用下的位移和内力的分布；并与假定刚性基础周边土简化为弹簧的结构模型的计算结果进行比较，通过两种模型的地震反应的对比分析，得到了一些有益的结论。

On the ground of simple compression test, a damage equation which reflect structural strength change with pressure is carried out. And it discriminated from the strain types of common soft soil and structural soft soil.

通过分析计算，明确了先期固结压力和结构强度的概念；提出了结构稳定系数，较为准确地判断出土的结构强度的影响程度，为工程设计提供参考；④基于单向压缩试验，提出了结构强度随压力变化的损伤方程；区分了一般性软土与有结构强度的土的压密类型。

Structural natural period s are important indexes to reflect on absorbed seismic energy, a formula for structural frequency is deducted according to variation principle in this paper, various ap.

结构自振周期是直接反映结构吸收地震能量多少的重要指标，本文基于能量变分原理推导了结构频率的计算公式，介绍了工程中计算结构自振周期常用的几种近似方法，讨论了影响结构自振周期的主要因素。

The numerical results show that serious errors exist in the substructural analysis for the hybrid structure,and the global analysis is necessary for the hybrid structure under the excitation of static loads and seismic loads.

需对其进行较精确的分析。在以往传统结构的计算分析中，为了简化计算，实际工程中往往将结构分开进行分析，如分为上部结构与下部结构，屋盖结构与梁柱体系等。

Finally, through the instance of engineering, we can see that the steel dosage in steel honeycomb plank is smaller and the self-weight of the whole structure is lighter comparing with pyramided grid structure, and the steel dosage in portal strut with honeycomb laminated beam-column system is still smaller and the self-weight is still smaller comparing with steel I-beam,they will have a wide applied foreground.

最后，通过工程实例分析表明，在大跨度屋盖结构中，金属蜂窝板-杆空间结构体系比常规的四角锥网架结构具有用钢量低，结构整体自重轻等优点；在轻钢结构厂房中，采用金属蜂窝纯板片箱梁体系比一般H型钢结构用钢量更低，自重更轻，具有广泛的应用前景。

Based on a thorough analysis of the character and mechanism of city-retaining-wall structures, the design theories, construction technology, new wall types and development tendency are deeply discussed. Besides, the characteristics of various types of city retaining wall are discussed, and the usual methods for earth pressure calculation are summarized. For the anchored bar retaining wall, the anti-pulling bearing mechanism of anchored bar is first probed into, from which anti-pullforce computation method are obtained. Combined with quite a few engineering examples and spot tests, the advised design and calculation methods of anchored bar are verified. From the abundant spot measured date, an adjusted hyperbolic model is put forward to determine the anti-pullforce bearing capacity. Furthermore, a new type of H-like block retaining structure is advised with its working mechanism deeply discussed as well.

本文在综合分析目前常用城市挡土结构的特点及其受力特性等基础上，针对一般挡土墙设计理论、施工技术、新型结构以及未来的发展趋势进行了深入探讨，论述了城市挡土结构的特点，并对常用土压力理论进行了综述，介绍了城市挡土墙常见的类型，并介绍了常规的设计理论和方法；通过分析比较，优选出锚杆挡土结构和砌块式挡土结构，并从锚杆锚固原理出发，结合工程实践和大量现场试验、对锚杆的抗拔承载力进行了深入研究，提出了用调整双曲线模型法计算锚杆抗拔承载力的方法，对土压力计算方法进行了探讨，对其设计计算方法进行了研究。

According to the calculation analysis of one multi storied house project,it compares the key technical parameter and qualification of the concrete structure,rolled H profiled bar frame structure,welding H profiled bar frame structure design result,which shows steel frame structure applied in multi storied house is a structural system to be worth generalization.

通过对一多层住宅建筑工程设计方案的计算分析，比较了混凝土结构、轧制H型钢框架结构、焊接H形钢框架结构设计结果的主要技术参数及指标，表明钢框架结构应用于多层住宅是一种值得推广的结构体系。

In the process of building and using the mass concrete structures, because of the effect of out-side condition and themselves, some faults will form in the structure, these faults will effect the bearing capability and endurance Using nondestructive testing method to test the concrete"s quality and diagnose its healthy, which has the significant sense in assessing the safety stability and research of the administering diseasesThis dissertation mostly researched the testing methods in the mass concrete structure, discussed the principles, methods, features, sphere of application of the ultrasonic testing in the mass concrete structure with faults, used dynamic FEM to simulate the testing process, discussed when the concrete structure with cracks is under the effect of the pulse, how the elastic waves propagate and what are their changing feature, Researched the principles of the first-arriving waves" phase when the cracks" depths are not same, obtained the relation between the inversion point and the cracks" depth, which has the direction sense in the application of projects,The second part of this dissertation is CT , which used the ultrasonic wave running through the tested-substance to get arriving-time of the ultrasonic wave, then inverse the image This dissertation drawed one CT program which can well present the different little cells ultrasonic wave velocity profiles of the substance, thereby to diagnose the quality of the part of the tested-substance, CT has the better using foreground..

在混凝土结构的施工及使用过程中，由于受其自身及外界各种因素的影响，常常会产生一些缺陷，对结构物的承载能力和耐久性造成严重影响，采用无损检测技术进行质量检测和健康诊断，这对混凝土结构开展安全、稳定性评估以及病害隐患治理研究具有重要意义。本论文主要针对大体积混凝土结构缺陷的检测方法展开研究工作，重点讨论了超声波法检测混凝土结构裂缝的基本原理和方法及其特点、适用范围，运用动力有限元数值模拟其检测过程，探讨了有裂缝缺陷的混凝土结构在脉冲荷载作用下弹性波的传播及其变化特征，研究了不同裂缝深度下首波相位变化规律，得出了反转临界点与裂缝深度之间的关系，这对实际工程应用具有指导意义。声波CT是一种新的无损检测技术，它是利用声波穿透被检测体获取声波接收时间，来进行计算机反演成像的技术。本文利用直射线法编制了层析成像程序，能较好地呈现被检测物体各微小单元的声波速度分布图像，从而对检测体的质量状况作出诊断评估，具有较好的应用发展前景。

Such a structure is commonly used worldwide because of its advantages such as high bearing ability, small cross-section, and low net weight.

钢结构是以钢材为基本材料建造的工程结构，由于其具有承载能力高、截面尺寸小、总重轻等优点，所以在全球的建筑工程中应用十分广泛。

In the recent years, in order to diminish the wave reflection and the wave force, many countries have conducted researches to study new type of breakwaters instead of the solid conventional structure.

随着港口和海岸防护技术的发展，传统的直立式防波堤已不能满足工程实际的需要，近年来各国竞相研究各种新型的防波堤结构，以减小波浪反射和结构受力，并降低工程造价。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐