结构工程

Finite Element Method is an important means of engineering subject and has been proved to be a common method in many subjects. However, disadvantages still remained. During the structural analysis, large amount of high-order units were used in order to ensure the precision of arithmetic solution when using Finite Element Method to do discrete processing. This will cause high order of coefficient matrix of corresponding equation group.

有限元方法是工程学科的重要工具，被证明为在许多科学和工程领域中连续物理系统模拟的一种普遍方法，但缺点是随着工程结构分析问题越来越复杂，在结构分析中，为保证数值解的精度，在使用有限元方法离散处理时，往往要用大量的高阶单元将结构剖分得很密，这时相应的代数方程组的系数矩阵的阶数很高，即使用目前速度最快的串行机来进行求解，费时仍然太多且问题的规模受到内存容量的限制。

Setting the common construction program of lightweight steel structure and the grid welding of one aerial manufactural plant,it discusses the manufacture of lightweight steel construction and the quality control of grid welding,to perfect the construction technique of steel structure and prompt the application of steel structure in projects,and can give a reference to the similar projects.

以某航空城飞机制造车间的轻钢结构、焊接球网架共同施工的建设项目为例，对钢结构制作和网架焊接的质量控制进行了论述，以完善钢结构施工工艺，推广钢结构在工程中的应用，可供同类工程参考借鉴。

The group company carries forward the corporate spirit of "devoted to your job, self-forgetful for your dedication, dare to explore, and fight for the first grade" long years and the business tenet of "Doing a project, building good reputation and developing a market" to get to further exploration and continuous progress. It has successively undertaken the widespread big and highly difficult engineering projects, such as the foundation project of Nanjing Tairun real estate development Co.,Ltd., the installation project of Beijing Wangfujin Mansion with an area of 100,000 m2,the construction project of Liyang Jinhui Plaza(the 1st 5-star hotel in Liyang), the installation project of Beijing Oriental Plaza, the steel frame installation project of Xiaoshan International Airport, Wuxi North-City Sewage Water Treatment Factory project, the machinery and electrical equipment installation project of Beijing Century Fortune Center, the LDPE factory construction project of Germany BASF company, the first section project of Baotou Tianci Rare Earth Co.,Ltd., the lifting and installing project of 600T 189.9M shipbuilding gantry crane of Dalian Xinchuan Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd., the elevator installation project of China Sci-tech Auditorium, the 220T/H boiler dismantlement and installation project of Anhui Chloro-Alkali Chemical Group Co.,Ltd., the boiler installation project of Wujin Steel Company and the pipeline installation project for leading Yellow River to Shanxi Province , the machinery and electrical equipment installation project of Wuxi P.E. Center Swimming Stadium. The company won tens of national, provincial and municipal-level good quality projects, and meanwhile got better economic and social benefits.

多年来，集团公司以"忠于职守，无私奉献，勇于开拓，争创一流"的企业精神，以"承一项工程，树一片信誉，辟一方市场"的经营宗旨，积极开拓，不断进取，先后承接了南京泰润房地产开发有限公司桩基工程，10万平方米北京王府井大厦机电安装工程，溧阳市锦汇商业广场建设工程，北京东方广场安装工程，浙江萧山国际机场钢结构安装工程，无锡城北污水处理厂工程，13万平方米北京世纪财富中心机电设备安装工程，德国投资巴斯夫LDPE建厂工程，浙江嘉兴嘉爱斯热电有限公司热网工程，包头天赐稀土东阿工业园区一期工程，南京黑色金属公司综合楼工程，大连新船重工有限责任公司600吨 189.9米造船龙门式起重机工程，中国科技会堂电梯安装工程，安徽氯碱化工集团220T/H锅炉汽机拆装工程，武钢中天240T/H锅炉安装工程，无锡市体育中心游泳馆机电安装工程，山西引黄管道安装工程等一大批远近闻名的重大工程和高难度工程，获得了几十项国家级、省市级优质工程奖和省市级文明工地称号，取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。

At first in the preliminary design this paper computes the linear damping coefficient of the viscous damper employed in this project using Composite Response Spectra approach, meantime, this paper proves that reducing the exponent of velocity of the piston can increase the magnitude of the dissipative energy, because of the viscous damper employed in the practical project character nonlinear behavior; next this chapter performs analysis and comparison between the building without and with the viscous dampers aforementioned when the building suffers from various Time Domain Response, from the angle of displacement, interstroy drift, velocity, interstory velocity, acceleration, energy, maximum axial force of the dampers and of the column etc., in order to prove that the incorporating the viscous dampers into the buildings has great superiority on enhancing its aseismic performance ; furthermore, this chapter also expatiates on diverse assembly form of the viscous dampers that results in the adverse impact on the internal force of the structural member in this building, on the ground of which this segment bring about the preference of the assembly form of the viscous damper; finally this chapter points out the sphere of application of the analysis and computation using Composite Response Spectra approach in design: it is available in well-proportioned stiffness structures and isn抰 available in the structures that contain weak story. It is recommendable, particularly, to incorporate the fluid viscous dampers into this structure that contain weak story to refrain earthquake and reinforce, such as the Central Hall of Shanghai Exhibition Hall.

首先使用了反应谱分析法设计出欲附设的粘滞阻尼器的线性阻尼系数，由于实际工程所用的粘滞阻尼器具有非线性的特性，故而笔者又证明了降低速度指数对提高粘滞阻尼器的耗能量的优势所在；接着分别从位移、层间位移、速度、层间速度、加速度、能量、最大阻尼出力和柱轴力等不同的角度对结构在附设粘滞阻尼器前后的时程反应进行了分析对比，籍此在实际工程中证明了附设粘滞阻尼器对于提高结构的抗震性能的优越性；再者，笔者还阐述了采用不同的粘滞阻尼器布置方式对结构中构件内力特别是柱轴力和基座竖向反力产生的不利影响，并在此基础上提出了布置方式的优选；最后，指出了反应谱法在设计中的适用范围：对于均匀结构反应谱法能够使用，而对于含有薄弱层的结构反应谱法并不适用；对于类似于上海展览馆中央大厅的含薄弱层的结构尤其值得使用粘滞阻尼器的方法进行抗震加固。

Taking the structure of the gymnasium of Yellow River Hydrotechnical Vocational Institute as an example,this paper analyzes large-span arch-supported membrane structure using nonlinear finite element method and approaches to the characteristics of stressing and deformation of this kind of structure.

本文以黄河水利职业技术学院风雨球场拱支索膜屋盖为工程案例，采用非线性有限元法，对大跨空间拱支索膜结构体系进行了结构分析，探讨了拱-膜组合结构的受力和变形规律，检验了初步阶段膜找形结果的可靠性，为同类结构的工程设计提供经验积累。

As the shape optimization design of structural element sections belong to structural optimization,which has its own traits such as discreteness, nondifferentiable and non-convexity,while the traditional optimal methods are not applicable.

结构截面形状优化设计属于工程结构优化问题，由于工程结构优化问题具有离散性、不可微性和非凸性等特点，而传统的优化算法对所优化的问题往往要求连续、可微、非凹等前提条件，所以已不再适合用于工程结构优化问题的求解。

The company has undertaken large workshop and deep foundation trench construction with high content of technique and complex equipment (super 60M span heavy single-layer steel structure),large dock project,manufacture and installation of 300T large span gantry crane,60T portal crane,150T large span bridge crane,The company wonWhite Yulanaward for its highrise office building,Jin Gangaward for its steel-structured bridge works,Shen Gang Cupquality structure of malarge rine traffic engineering for its large dock project,etc.

公司曾承接过技术含量高，装备复杂的大型（跨度达60MM的超大跨度重型单层钢结构）工业厂房和深基坑工程，大型船坞项目，300T大跨度的门式、60T门座式、150T大跨度的桥式起重机械制造和安装。其中高层商务楼曾获&白玉兰&奖；钢结构桥梁工程获&金刚奖&；大型船坞项目获水运工程优质结构&申港杯&奖等荣誉奖章。

According to property and the engineering present situation of river course , engineering experience and the correlation theory are used , to renovates the principle and renovates the scheme and the measure has carried on the analysis research of overall system.

根据河道的特性和工程现状，运用工程经验及相关理论，对整治原则、整治方案和措施进行了全面系统的分析研究；对整治流量、整治河宽和整治半径进行了分析和计算；对河道整治工程的几种结构形式进行了分析和评价；提出了具体的整治措施及工程整体布局；对黄河上的几种新型结构形式进行了特性分析以及功效评价；最后对宁蒙河段今后治理和研究提出了若干建议，并对前景进行了展望。

The unbonded partially prestressed concrete flat-beam frame structure has been used in the practice project in our country, but the aseismatic study of this structure is not perfect at present, study on theory is lagged behind the demand of engineering apply. It has important theoretic meaning and applied value to go deep into the examinational study about the prestressed concrete flat-beam frame structures.This thesis sums up the study of the RC flat-beam frame structure, the PC frame structure, the steel-fiber concrete, the performance of the steel-fiber concrete and its influence to the seismic resistance of the frame.

近年来国内已经开始在实际工程中采用无粘结部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架结构，但是目前对这种结构形式的抗震研究工作还不完善，理论研究已滞后于工程应用的需要，因此深入进行扁梁框架结构的研究，在经济合理的情况下确保该结构的抗震安全性具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。