结构单元

First the math theory of machining simulation is studied, and the set structure of NC machining simulation system whose components, including time, input, output and so on, are defined. Hereby we set up the hierarchy structure, the logical structure, the static model and the dynamic model of simulation system. The construction method of sweep entity of cutter and rotation parts is researched, and their differential geometry invariants are calculated. NC code is unscrambled, and the recursion division arithmetic of time segment is put forward, which is the driven data of the movement or rotation parts. The CLDATA should be interference-free. To examine if there is interference between cutter flank and the work piece, an arithmetic that discussed the existence of intersecting curve between them is put forward. To examine if there is interference between two turrets, an arithmetic that discussed the existence of intersection set between two polygons is put forward.

首先研究加工过程仿真的数学基础，然后定义数控加工仿真系统的集合结构及时间集、输入集、输出集等概念，建立加工仿真的层次结构和逻辑结构，阐述双刀车削仿真系统的静态模型和动态模型建立方法，分析刀具扫描体和旋转部件扫描体的建立方法及其微分几何性质；研究NC代码解读技术和双刀加工时间段递归子分划技术，为驱动各仿真单元作数据准备；通过讨论后刀面和工件表面交线的存在性判断刀具后刀面与工件间是否干涉，通过求多边形的交集判断刀架与刀架是否干涉。

Finite Element Method is an important means of engineering subject and has been proved to be a common method in many subjects. However, disadvantages still remained. During the structural analysis, large amount of high-order units were used in order to ensure the precision of arithmetic solution when using Finite Element Method to do discrete processing. This will cause high order of coefficient matrix of corresponding equation group.

有限元方法是工程学科的重要工具，被证明为在许多科学和工程领域中连续物理系统模拟的一种普遍方法，但缺点是随着工程结构分析问题越来越复杂，在结构分析中，为保证数值解的精度，在使用有限元方法离散处理时，往往要用大量的高阶单元将结构剖分得很密，这时相应的代数方程组的系数矩阵的阶数很高，即使用目前速度最快的串行机来进行求解，费时仍然太多且问题的规模受到内存容量的限制。

The conventional design method is analyzed, then the total frame of hot runner design based on knowledge is put forward, and knowledge of hot runner design is organized, and the knowledge base of hot runner is built. At last hot runner structural design is finished in detail.

第三章，分析了传统的热流道结构设计方法，给出了基于知识的热流道结构设计的总体框架，利用知识单元进行组织热流道设计知识，建立相应的热流道设计知识库，分析基于知识的推理方法和热流道设计任务规划，并在热流道设计知识库基础上完成结构设计。

A four\|node piezoelectric composite laminated plated element was implemented for dynamic analysis of adaptive structure. The damping ratios of truncated models were considered as the control objects, so that each of the structural modal oscillation could decay rapidly. Hence, the structural oscillation was effectively controlled.

利用四节点压电复合材料层合板单元进行自适应结构的有限元动力分析；采用模态控制方法，将结构的各阶模态的阻尼比作为控制目标，并以此计算出各压电片的控制电压，达到控制结构振动的目的。

Total circuit scheme and time sequence of tool design and implementation have been designed on the AIL logging characteristic. The design and analysis for circuit unit have been carry out on the several units such as main control circuit, signal phantom circuit, signal control circuit, amplifier circuit, A/D circuit, transmitter drive circuit and power circuit.

按照AIL的结构特点，进行了仪器总体设计，设计了仪器工作电路原理和工作时序，在此基础上，进行了主控制电路、信号幻像转换电路、信号控制电路、放大电路、A/D转换电路、发射驱动电路、电源电路等单元电路的分析和设计，从而完成了仪器单元电路的设计与实现。

Similar lamellar hybrids can be obtained from octa(y-chloroammoniumpropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt C_(18H_(29)NaO_3S, DBSS. Further research shows that different POSS to surfactant ratios result in different arrangement of layers: when there exists excessive POSS, the layer is arranged in a "Alkyl-POSS-POSS-Alkyl" sequence; while on the contrary, the layer is in "Alkyl-POSS" sequence.

实验研究表明，通过调整POSS和表面活性剂的物质的量比例可以改变片层结构，发现当POSS成分大大过量的时候，片层重复单元按照&烷基-POSS-POSS-烷基&顺序排列，对应较大的层间距；当表面活性剂成分大大过量的时候，片层重复单元按照&烷基-POSS&顺序排列，对应较小的层间距。

The author explicates some developing aspects in the field of IC industry as suggested areas of future work. The original points of this dissertation are as following: 1. In this dissertation, we got the quality learning curve of China's IC manufacturers by regression. On the base of questionnaire, we later explained the reason of the reverse S type quality learning curve and the tendency of change in quality learning curve. 2. The evolution of technical unit of China's IC industry is calculated in this dissertation. We also explained the reason of technical unit splitting in the way of economic and technology. 3. In this dissertation, we described the environment difference in capital, technology transfer, human resource and market in USA, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China, and gave some suggestions on the government's role in the development of China's IC industry.. 4. In this dissertation, we established an SD model of China's IC industry, and by using this model, we got some suggestions for future development in China's IC industry.

本文的主要创新之处在于：（1）用回归分析方法实证研究了我国集成电路企业的质量学习曲线，并在调查分析的基础上，对反S型质量学习曲线的历史成因和未来走势进行了研究；（2）对世界及我国集成电路产业技术单元的变化趋势进行了定量研究，从经济和技术角度解释了当前集成电路产业技术单元细化的原因；（3）从资金、技术、人才、市场角度系统总结研究了发达国家在集成电路产业发展环境建设中的成功经验，并结合我国集成电路产业发展的实际情况，对我国集成电路产业发展的政府行为提出了一些建议；（4）建立了狭义集成电路产业、材料业、设备业发展的系统动态模型，并利用该模型对不同投资结构下我国集成电路产业系统未来的演变进行了模拟研究，这一研究结果可以为我国集成电路产业今后发展提供一定的决策依据。

A well-convinced and well-constructed paragraph is a unit and often this unity is indicated by a key sentence ---what is called the topic sentence.

参考翻译：一个结构严谨并且说理透彻的段落是一个独立单元。这个独立单元由一个被称为主题句的关键句所引导。

It should be emphasized that the domestic PTA process design fully adopted the mature industrial technology, in which the structure similar to bobble tower oxidation reactor has been being successfully operated for many years in the industry and has undergone industrial experiments and inspections under various conditions in the process of advancement; the tail gas treatment unit has absorbed Mitsubishi chemical's technologies and the paste treatment unit Amoco's technologies.

需要强调的是，国产对苯二甲酸工艺的设计，采用的都是成熟的工业技术，其中与鼓泡塔氧化反应器类似的结构已经在工业上成功运行多年，在开发过程中又经过多种条件下的工业试验检验；尾气处理单元借鉴的主要是三井工艺、浆料处理单元主要借鉴了Amoco工艺。

Since the basic unit of quantum electromagnetic field is obviously a kind of matter in structural realism, it would be an interesting question whether the basic unit (electromagnetic element-wave) of classical electromagnetic field is also a kind of matter.

在结构实在论中，量子电磁场的基本单元——&光子&显然是一种物质。那么，经典电磁场的基本单元——&电磁基波&是否也是一种物质呢？

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。