结构体

The results show that the porosity of the membrane prepared by ScCO_2 induced phase separation is higher than that prepared by conventional method;the membrane structures are significantly influenced by the process parameters;compared with the conventional immersion precipitation phase inversion,ScCO_2 induced phase separation process can effectively avoid the formation of macrovoids at suitable operating conditions;during depressurization process,the great differences in the effect of depressurization time on membranes structure for various polymer materials result from that the speed of CO_2 gaseous nuclei escaping from membrane substrate can not keep the pace with the outer depressurization rate.(2) The tendency that the interaction parameters affect the binodal curve position is illustrated by changing the interaction parameters in reasonable ranges.

研究结果表明：与传统方法相比，采用ScCO_2诱导相转化法可获得更高的膜孔隙率；通过改变操作参数可对膜的结构进行调控，且操作参数对膜结构的影响与铸膜体系的自身性质也紧密相关；在适宜的操作条件下，ScCO_2诱导相转化法能有效避免采用传统的浸入沉淀相转化法制膜时易出现的大空腔结构；泄压过程中CO_2气核从聚合物膜基体中逃逸的速度能否与膜基体外部的泄压速度保持同步，是泄压时间对不同材质膜结构影响截然不同的根源所在。

Notably, compounds 12–14 can be described as a 3D open–framework with nano–channels, compound 15 can be described as a 3D open–framework with double helical channels, while compound 16 can be described as a 3D heterochiral coordination polymer with double helical channels, which can be obtained by spontaneous resolution from the racemic phosphonic acid.X–ray powder diffraction analysis shows that compound 16 is a pure phase. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy of compound 16 indicates that it possesses positive SPV response in the range of 300–600 nm and shows p–type semiconductor characteristic.

值得注意的是，化合物12-14为具有一维纳米孔道结构的三维开放骨架结构，化合物15是具有双螺旋孔道的三维开放骨架结构，而化合物16是外消旋的有机膦酸配体通过自发拆分而形成的具有双螺旋孔道的多手性三维开放骨架结构。X-射线粉末衍射分析表明化合物16为纯相；化合物16的表面光电压光谱分析中，在300-600nm范围内有3个正的光(来源：ABC论文12网www.abclunwen.com)伏响应带，表明它具有p型半导体的特征；化合物16的诱导表面光电压谱进一步确定它的p型半导体的特征；磁性研究表明，化合物16中两Mn原子之间存在弱的反铁磁相互作用。

Erve growth factor can combine with its" receptor (one of tyrosine protein kinase receptor coded by proto - oncogene tyrosine kinase, TrkA), Causing the molecule of receptors to gather on the cell surface, and the tyrosine protein in cytoplasmic domain may be activated, three tyrosine base in the kinase domain of its" receptor and two tyrosine base at other domain be phosphated, thus, phosphated tyrosine receptor kinase became the bracket which absorb all kinds of connective proteins and kinases.

GF与其酪氨酸受体激酶受体(由原癌基因trk编码的一种酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体，TrkA)相结合，引起受体分子在细胞表面发生二聚体化，然后受体细胞内结构上酪氨酸活性被激活，使受体自身结构中位于激酶结构域的三个酪氨酸残基及在此结构域外的两个酪氨酸残基发生自身磷酸化，这样，磷酸化的酪氨酸受体激酶A便成为吸收各种连接蛋白质和酶的支架。

Based on rail/wheel reaction and track/bride reaction theory and systems engineering theory, new vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are established and discussed in details, including ballast track model and ballastless track model. The characteristics of the models are:(1) vehicle-track and vehicle-track-bridge system dynamic models are coupled in vertical and lateral;(2) track vibration on bridge is taken in account, track on bridge is considered as one or two layer continuous-point supported rail model, according to actual track structure, interaction between vehicle and bridge transfer from track structure;(3) three type of ballastless track models (tieembanked, elastic-tie-block, slab track) are presented;(4) models reflect the main feature of actual vehicle, track and bridge structure, the response computation frequency of models is relatively broad, which can be applied to analyze both low frequency and high frequency vibration.

基于轮轨相互作用和线桥相互作用特点，本文从系统工程角度出发建立了车辆、有碴轨道和无碴轨道、简支箱梁桥垂向和横向耦合系统动力分析模型，该系统模型具有以下特点：（1）车线、车线桥体系均考虑为垂向、横向耦合振动系统，车线间通过轮轨接触几何关系耦合，轨道与桥梁间通过轨道与梁体间的力与位移协调条件耦合；（2）充分考虑桥上线路在车线桥系统中参振作用，根据桥上线路轨道结构特点将桥上轨道结构模型具体化，即对桥上轨道结构视为多层支承体系，车桥间的动力作用通过轨道结构来传递；（3）建立了三种形式无碴轨道动力分析模型，即长轨枕埋入式、弹性支承块式和轨道板式无碴轨道模型；（4）系统模型详细，分析频带宽，适用范围较广。

WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from its N-terminus and the WD dipeptide at its C-terminus and is 40 residues long, hence the name WD40; between GH and WD lies a conserved core; serves as a stable propeller-like platform to which proteins can bind either stably or reversibly; forms a propeller-like structure with several blades where each blade is composed of a four-stranded anti-parallel b-sheet; instances with few detectable copies are hypothesized to form larger structures by dimerization; each WD40 sequence repeat forms the first three strands of one blade and the last strand in the next blade; the last C-terminal WD40 repeat completes the blade structure of the first WD40 repeat to create the closed ring propeller-structure; residues on the top and bottom surface of the propeller are proposed to coordinate interactions with other proteins and/or small ligands; 7 copies of the repeat are present in this alignment.

WD40域，在真核蛋白质的数量发现，涵盖了包括各种功能适配器/信号转导，mRNA前体细胞骨架组装加工和管理模式；通常包含一个从11月24日生长激素肽的N残留端和西部数据肽在其C端和40残留长，因而得名WD40；介于生长激素和WD一个保守的核心，作为一个稳定的螺旋桨式平台，可以绑定的蛋白可以稳定或可逆，形成了一个螺旋桨式与每个刀片是一个四叶片结构组成若干链反平行的β-片；与数份检测实例假设，形成了聚大结构，每个WD40重复序列形成了前三个一个刀片和绞线的最后在未来的刀片链，最后C -末端WD40重复完成了第一WD40重复叶片结构，创造螺旋桨的封闭环结构，对螺旋桨顶部和底部表面残留的建议，配合和其他蛋白质的相互作用/或小配体； 7重复副本，目前这条路。

WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from its N-terminus and the WD dipeptide at its C-terminus and is 40 residues long, hence the name WD40; between GH and WD lies a conserved core; serves as a stable propeller-like platform to which proteins can bind either stably or reversibly; forms a propeller-like structure with several blades where each blade is composed of a four-stranded anti-parallel b-sheet; instances with few detectable copies are hypothesized to form larger structures by dimerization; each WD40 sequence repeat forms the first three strands of one blade and the last strand in the next blade; the last C-terminal WD40 repeat completes the blade structure of the first WD40 repeat to create the closed ring propeller-structure; residues on the top and bottom surface of the propeller are proposed to coordinate interactions with other proteins and/or small ligands; 7 copies of the repeat are present in this alignment.

WD40域，在真核蛋白质的数量发现，涵盖了包括各种功能适配器/信号转导，mRNA前体细胞骨架组装加工和管理模式；通常包含一个从11月24日生长激素肽的N残留端和西部数据肽在其C端和40残留长，因此得名WD40；之间的生长激素和WD是一个保守的核心，作为一个稳定的螺旋桨式平台，可以绑定的蛋白可以稳定或可逆性；形式与每个刀片是一个四叶片组成的几个类似结构的螺旋桨，搁浅反平行β-负债表；很少检测副本实例假设，形成了聚大结构，每个WD40重复序列形成了前三个链的一个刀片，并在未来的刀片上链，最后C -末端WD40重复完成了第一WD40重复叶片结构，创造螺旋桨的封闭环结构，对螺旋桨顶部和底部表面残留物，则建议协调与其他蛋白质和/或小配体； 7重复副本存在于相互作用这条路。

WD40 domain, found in a number of eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly; typically contains a GH dipeptide 11-24 residues from its N-terminus and the WD dipeptide at its C-terminus and is 40 residues long, hence the name WD40; between GH and WD lies a conserved core; serves as a stable propeller-like platform to which proteins can bind either stably or reversibly; forms a propeller-like structure with several blades where each blade is composed of a four-stranded anti-parallel b-sheet; instances with few detectable copies are hypothesized to form larger structures by dimerization; each WD40 sequence repeat forms the first three strands of one blade and the last strand in the next blade; the last C-terminal WD40 repeat completes the blade structure of the first WD40 repeat to create the closed ring propeller-structure; residues on the top and bottom surface of the propeller are propos

WD40域，在真核蛋白质的数量发现，涵盖了包括各种功能适配器/信号转导，mRNA前体细胞骨架组装加工和管理模式；通常包含一个从11月24日生长激素肽的N残留端和西部数据肽在其C端和40残留长，因而得名WD40；介于生长激素和WD一个保守的核心，作为一个稳定的螺旋桨式平台，可以绑定的蛋白可以稳定或可逆，形成了一个螺旋桨式与每个刀片是一个四叶片结构组成若干链反平行的β-片；与数份检测实例假设，形成了聚大结构，每个WD40重复序列形成了前三个一个刀片和绞线的最后在未来的刀片链，最后C -末端WD40重复完成了第一WD40重复叶片结构，创造螺旋桨的封闭环结构，对螺旋桨顶部和底部表面残留的建议，配合和其他蛋白质的相互作用/或小配体； 7重复副本，目前这条路。

The numbers of clusters made up of 1551 and 1541 bonded pairs representing the non-crystal structure occupy predominate position and the small numbers of clusters made up of 1431, 1661 and 1441 bonded pairs coexist in the non-crystal system at 4×10〓K/s cooling rate, thus there exist a large number of icosahedra clusters in the non-crystal system. The numbers of clusters made up of 1421 bonded pairs corresponding to the fcc-like structure occupy predominate position and the small numbers of clusters made up of 1422 and 1551 bonded pairs coexist in the crystal system during the 4×10〓K/s cooling process, thus the system can form the regular fcc-like structure.

在4×10〓K/s的冷速下，标征体系非晶结构的五重对称键型1551和1541所形成的小团簇数量在非晶体系中占主导位置，同时还存在少量的1431、1441和1661等其它键型形成的小团簇，这样，体系中含有大量的二十面体团簇结构；在4×10〓K/s的冷速下，标征面心立方结构的1421键型所形成的小团簇数量在晶体中占第一位，同时还存在一定量的1422、1441和1661等其它类型的键对所形成的团簇，体系最终形成面心立方结构。

The five prosthetic groups (FAD, [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S], [3Fe-4S] and heme group) required for electron transfer from succinate to ubiquinone were unambiguously assigned into the electron density map. Besides, we find there are some electron densities around the Qp pocket at the matrix side and we believe it represents the head structure of ubiquinone, which is proved by the inhibitor bound structure that 2-TTFA just locating at the Qp site. At the same time, we find there is the second 2-TTFA binding site, locating the inter-membrane side. This finding will change our knowledge about the electron transfer inside Complex II and the ubiquinone transfer between Complex II and Complex III, and endow a new role of Complex II in electron transfer chain.

除了对各个电子传递体（ FAD ，[2Fe-2S]，[4Fe-4S]，[3Fe-4S]以及血红素分子）进行精确定位外，我们在该结构跨膜区靠近线粒体基质一端的口袋 Qp 中，发现了一些电子密度，认为是所结合的辅酶 Q 的头部结构，这一点被与抑制剂结合的复合体的结构所证明，在该结构中， 2－ TTFA 恰好结合在口袋 Qp 中，同时，我们还发现了第二个2－ TTFA 的结合位点，位于跨膜区靠近线粒体膜间隙一端的口袋 Qd 中，这个发现具有全新的意义，将影响人们对电子在复合物 II 中传递以及辅酶 Q 在复合物 II 与 III 之间转移的认识，促使人们重新复合物 II 在线粒体呼吸链中的角色。

According to the structure of aircraft carrier and existing anti-ship missile warhead,the structural target with ribbings and experimental semi-armor-piercing warhead were designed with geometer similar principle.The processes of warhead penetrating the ribbings structural and homogeneous targets were investigated experimentally in the shooting range,and the end-point trajectory parameters in hitting conditions and the breakage mode of target were gained.

以舰船典型筋板结构为目标，设计了带加强筋的结构靶，并用模拟实验弹体，对单层带加强筋的结构靶进行了斜侵彻实验，通过天幕靶和高速运动分析系统的测量，得到了两种倾斜着靶条件下不同着靶位置的靶前、靶后弹道参数；通过对靶板破坏结果的分析，得到实验弹靶条件下加强筋结构靶的破坏模式。

It was Napoleon, the immense somnambulist of this dream which had crumbled, essaying once more to advance.

那人便是拿破仑，梦游中的巨人，他还想往前走，去追寻那崩塌了的幻境。

This method alleviates the highly dependent on domain knowledge experts. The quality and efficiency of the KBS were improved.

使用这种设计方法减小了对领域知识专家的严重依赖，提高了知识系统开发的质量和效率。