结构主义

In the pluralistic development of western literary arena in the 20th century, Jonathan Culler's structuralist poetics, regarding literary competence as the core, claims post-structuralism trend from structuralism to deconstructionism in the perspective of the readers.

在二十世纪西方文论多元发展的语境中，卡勒结构主义诗学以"文学能力"为核心，从读者接受的角度，标举从结构主义走向以解构主义为典型代表的后结构主义这一发展脉络。

Based on the rich historical soil and macrostructure of society, this thesis draws from the perspective of sociology on Lucien Goldmann's sociologictheory on novels-happenstantialistic structuralism, chooses structure as the key point of tangency with respect to the change of viewpoint following the sociologic imagination, andthus focuses on the interpretation of sociology on both the Chinese and Western novels by analyzing the social spirits and cultural spirits. From the standpoint of successive longitudinal happenstantialism and conexisting horizontal structuralism, the thesis also endeavors to understand and interpret the complicated relationship between novel structure and spiritual structure of sodiety from the external to the internal, thus systematically illustrates the deep relationship between novels and society.

论文将小说置于社会学视野内，立足深厚的历史土壤，依据宏观的社会构架，发挥社会学的想象力，借鉴吕西安·戈德曼"发生学结构主义"小说社会学理论，选择"结构"作为遵循社会学想象力进行视角转换的重要切入点，着重从社会精神和文化精神的层面对中西小说进行社会学的阐释；在历时纵向发生学和共时横向结构主义的视阈中，由此及彼，由表及里，"理解"和"解释"小说结构与社会精神结构间的复杂关系，进而系统地阐明小说与社会的深层关系。

However, many of structuralism's theorists, from Michel Foucault to Jacques Lacan , continue to assert an influence on continental philosophy , and many of the fundamental assumptions of its critics, that is, of adherents of poststructuralism , are but a continuation of structuralism.

然而，也有很多结构主义理论家，从Michael Foucault到Jacques Lacan，继续维护它对于大陆哲学的影响；而它的批评者--也就是后结构主义的支持者的许多根本假设，不过是结构主义的一种延续。

In my opinion, Lotmans view on text in his literary semiotic theory mainly demonstrates the structuralism style and characteristic, but in his cultural semiotic study the view on text has the more poststructuralism characteristic. This also reflects Lotman's ideology change in his semiotic study: transition from a structuralism to a poststructuralism.

在我看来，洛特曼的文艺符号学中的文本观主要显示出了结构主义的风格和特征，而他的文化符号学中的文本观则是具有了更多的后结构主义的特点，这也反映出了洛特曼符号学思想的变化性：由结构主义向后结构主义过渡。

It covers most of the important theoretical paradigms developed in the twentieth century, including neo-Marxism, structuralism, poststructuralism, psychoanalysis, postmodernism, postcolonialism and feminism. Through the selected readings, it analyzes how different schools define the task of literary interpretation and discusses their strengths, achievements, and limitations.

科目内容包括了大部分在二十世纪出现的主要理论范式，如新马克思主义、结构主义、后结构主义、心理分析、后现代主义、后殖民主义，以及女性主义等，并通过所选资料，分析各个学派对文学诠释的不同观点，讨论它们的贡献、影响和局限。

Beginning with existential phenomenotogy and humanistic geography, the book covers radical geography and Marxism, structuralism, structuration theory, realism, locality studies, various streams of poststructuralism and postmodernism, and feminism.

例如存在主义现象学、人本主义地理学、激进主义地理学、马克思主义、结构主义、结构理论、现实主义、地方性研究、后结构主义、后现代主义，以及女权主义。

On the one hand,the gradually intensification of contradictious between human and nature,persons and persons,person and itself causes ecological crisis and social turbulences.

其对人文地理学哲学的影响主要表现在三个方面：对科学技术和理性的反动导致非理性主义的泛滥；从结构主义到后结构主义以及把人文地理学研究当作一个文本解构、阅读和建构的过程为我们提供了新的方法论视野；非理性的人本主义的发展为解决区域问题提供了新的思路。

For a long time,structuralism has played quite different parts in lexicological studies of Chinese,both active and inactive.At present,a better way out for Chinese lexical study is to break away from the framework of structuralism and return to the most essential state.A multi-proportion view should be introduced with the interaction between man and space of existence as the most primary.Besides,a hierarchy of goals should be set up with the understanding of "man" in the national mind as the highest.Finally,different approaches should be developed with cognition.explanation??

摘 要：面对长期以来结构主义等学派在发挥巨大积极作用同时又具有深刻消极影响的状况，当前的汉语词汇研究，最好能突破结构主义框架，走出结构主义走势，回到最为根本之处，开启多维视角而突出人与生存空间互动这一主要视角，确立多层目标而突出认识民族&人&这一最高目标，拓展多向思路而突出认知？

Based on the rich historical soil and macrostructure of society, this thesis draws from the perspective of sociology on Lucien Goldmann's sociologictheory on novels-happenstantialistic structuralism, chooses structure as the key point of tangency with respect to the change of viewpoint following the sociologic imagination, andthus focuses on the interpretation of sociology on both the Chinese and Western novels by analyzing the social spirits and cultural spirits. From the standpoint of successive longitudinal happenstantialism and conexisting horizontal structuralism, the thesis also endeavors to understand and interpret the complicated relationship between novel structure and spiritual structure of sodiety from the external to the internal, thus systematically illustrates the deep relationship between novels and society.

论文将小说置于社会学视野内，立足深厚的历史土壤，依据宏观的社会构架，发挥社会学的想象力，借鉴吕西安·戈德曼&发生学结构主义&小说社会学理论，选择&结构&作为遵循社会学想象力进行视角转换的重要切入点，着重从社会精神和文化精神的层面对中西小说进行社会学的阐释；在历时纵向发生学和共时横向结构主义的视阈中，由此及彼，由表及里，&理解&和&解释&小说结构与社会精神结构间的复杂关系，进而系统地阐明小说与社会的深层关系。

The paper is an attempt to interpret English learner's dictionaries from the perspective of structuralism:to analyze the structure of learner's dictionaries in terms of system,to explore the nature of headwords,defi ning words and illustrative examples according to the distinction of langue and parole,to discuss the syntactic practice and descriptive principle of pedagogical lexicography,and to examine the application of markedness theory.

本文从结构主义语言学视角对英语学习词典进行解读：从系统角度剖析学习词典文本的结构，从语言和言语的划分来考察词目词、释义语言和例证语言的实质，分析学习词典编纂的共时性原则和以描写主义为主，同规定主义相结合的编纂原则，探讨标记理论在学习词典编纂中的运用，并指出结构主义仍然是学习词典编纂的基石。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。