结构

The research contents mainly include: First, the influence of foundation constraint condition to the temperature stress is analyzed, the temperature stress formula of ultra-long concrete anchor plate is deduced, then the influence of length to structure crack can be gotten from the formula. Second, a breathing method is set up to solve the problem of temperature stress in ultra-long concrete constructions. By setting the sliding floor, a breathing system is built up and the temperature stress reduced distinctly. Third, the effect of prestress technique in the control of temperature stress is analyzed, it is simulated and calculated through FEA to get the right way to apply the prestress. Forth, the delay of temperature field and unsteady conduction is considered, the temperature field of ultra-long concrete structure with later poured band is simulated, then temperature stress distribution after casting the concrete is calculated, finally the effect of later poured band to temperature stress of ultra-long structure is analyzed.

本文的研究内容主要包括：(1)分析了基础约束对超长混凝土结构温度应力的影响，推导了超长混凝土地基板温度应力公式，从而得出长度对结构裂缝的影响；(2)针对超长混凝土裂缝问题，提出了一种可呼吸的解决方法，通过设置滑动层，使结构成为一种"可呼吸"体系，从而有效的降低温度应力；(3)分析了预应力技术在控制超长结构温度应力中的作用，通过有限元模拟计算，得到合理的预应力施加方式；(4)考虑温度场的滞后效应及不稳定传导，对带后浇带超长混凝土结构浇注后的温度场仿真模拟，计算浇注后的温度应力分布，分析后浇带对超长结构温度应力的影响。

As a result, if the iridescence is produced by thin-film interference, not only the thickness of lamellar structure must be defined within a certain nanometer, but also the refractive index need to be different between lamellar structure. In other words, the chemical composition, refractive index and thickness of exsolution lamellae need form to trinity, such as labradorite, albite, andradite and orthoamphibole. If the iridescent color is produced by grating-diffraction, the lamellar structure just needs to be arrayed regularly, the spacing of the edges of lamellar structure needs to be regular and narrow, but not necessarily within the range of the wavelength of visible light, such as shell of abalone, pearl and opal.

薄膜干涉式晕彩不仅要求宝石内部结构层的厚度必须在一定的纳米范围内，而且结构层内部的折射率也必须有所差别，也即，当结构层由两相组分出溶而成，其化学成分、折射率和结构层厚度形成三位一体时，符合薄膜干涉式晕彩，如拉长石、钠长石、石榴石和角闪石；而光栅式衍射晕彩则仅要求结构层排列规则，边缘狭窄但不需要窄到可见光波长范围内，能使入射光的振幅或位相，或两者同时产生周期性空间调制的结构即可，如鲍贝壳、珍珠和欧泊。

Statistical characteristics include Tectonic Density, Degree of Central Symmetry, Skewness Index, Degree of Tectonic Optimal Direction, Power Spectrum Density, Cubic Entropy and so on. The former four indexes are implemented in this paper; Structural characteristics show the characteristics of spatial distribution of geological bodies. In chapter four, a quantitative method for describing geological structure by using the structure "tree" is studied and implemented, including its formalized definition and the measurement of the similarity of different "trees".

统计特征有构造密度、中心对称度、失真指数、优益度、密度功率谱、方位熵等等，本文实现了前四个参数值的提取；结构特征是反映地质体空间分布的结构特点，第四章研究和实现了用"树结构"描述地质结构的定量方法，包括结构的形式化描述和结构的相似性度量。

The coordinate transformation and numerical integration was executed on the discretized tetrahedral elements based on which the 3-D MT vector-finite element method was implemented. A whole computation framework for 3-D vector-finite element method with unstructured mesh was given. Based on this some typical models were tested which has demonstrated that our algorithm could distinctively avoid problems caused by the fake solution and both the accuracy and efficiency were enhanced which made our algorithm has a bright future for further application.3. According to theory of Sobolev vector space and the discretization of Helmholtz space, the error estimate which was suitable for 3-D MT vector-finite element modeling was deduced by which the procedure of adaptive technique was guaranteed.4. Based on the fully unstructured tetrahedralization and optical strategy, the 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element method was presented through combining the error estimate. With this work, the accuracy and creditableness for 3-D MT complicatedly modeling was guaranteed.5. The 3-D magnetotelluric h-adaptive vector-finite element algorithm with unstructured mesh was implemented.

针对非结构化的四面体单元，采用坐标变换和数值积分方法，实现了MT三维矢量有限单元分析，建立起基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元计算流程，并对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟，结果对比和分析表明，基于非结构化网格的三维MT矢量有限元不仅消除了节点型有限元的伪解，而且具有很高的计算精度和速度，有广阔的应用前景。3、根据Sobolev函数的向量空间和Hemlholtz空间的分解，推导出基于残差的三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，为三维大地电磁自适应矢量有限元数值模拟的实现奠定了基础。4、在完全非结构化四面体单元剖分及优化基础上，结合三维大地电磁矢量有限元后验误差估计公式，提出了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算策略，保证了对复杂大地电磁模型数值计算的精度和可靠性。5、实现了基于非结构化网格的三维大地电磁h-型自适应矢量有限元计算流程，对典型模型和国际标准电磁模型进行了数值模拟。

The design pattern is used to bewrite the decomposite of non-function requires,the relation between non-function requires and SA is set up with structure workflows.The non-function attributes of software architectures are evaluated synthetically based on structure workflows and component combinational operations. According to the evaluation result, a model on software architecture evolution based-on non-function requirements is given.

在软件体系结构描述的基础上，本文使用设计模式描述了非功能需求的分解，使用结构工作链建立了非功能需求与软件体系结构之间的关联，使用结构工作链和组合运算对软件体系结构的非功能属性进行评估，并利用评估结果，提出了一种基于非功能需求的软件体系结构演化方法。

This paper studies the main geometrical parameter such as angle, height, width, stagger and the upper width in dentation and trapezoid flow path, firstly, uses the single-phase numerical simulation of the computational fluid dynamics technique to analyse the influence of different geometrical parameter on discharge coefficient and flow state exponent of drip emitter. Secondly, uses the two-phases numerical simulation of CFD (1% sand content ) to analyse the influence of the above mentioned geometrical parameter on the contribution regulation of sand and anti-clogging performance. Thirdly, uses the PIV （ particle Tracking Velocimetry ） technique which can see the small-scale flow path to observe and test the trajectories and velocities of solid particles in labyrinth flow path, and analyses the basic factors which can influence the movement characteristic of solid particles and the flow state in flow path.

本文以齿形流道、梯形流道为主要研究对象，以流道转角、流道高，流道宽、偏差量及梯形流道上底宽为主要结构参数，首先应用 CFD 单相流数值模拟技术对不同结构参数灌水器流道水力性能进行模拟，分析了不同结构参数对流态指数和流量系数的影响，其次，应用 CFD 两相流（含沙量为1%）数值模拟技术分析了结构参数对含沙量分布规律和抗堵塞性能的影响，然后，应用 PIV 可视化测试方法测试了固体颗粒在流道内运行轨迹及速度，分析了影响固体颗粒运动特性及流道内流体流态的基本因素，最后，对上述流道结构形式通过模具加工及滴灌带试制，进行了标准化测试（ GB/T 17187-1997 农业灌溉设备滴头技术规范和试验方法与 ISO 标准 ISO /TC23 /SC18 /WG5N4短周期堵塞测试程序），测试结果验证了 CFD 模拟结果，并提出了迷宫结构流道灌水器的抗堵塞设计方法。

At the same time the author diagnoses the Hongdu Aviations strong partiality for equity capital financing and lack of debt capital financing, low capital profitability and efficiency of capital utilization, inadequateness in its corporate governing structure and unimproved revenues.

立足于我国航空工业上市公司资本融资结构改革的实践，借鉴现代企业资本融资结构理论以及财务管理理论等相关理论成果，采用规范与实证相结合的分析方法，对江西洪都航空上市公司股权资本融资结构与负债资本融资结构改革实践进行考察与分析，并认为该公司自上市以来企业资本融资结构改革取得了很大成效；但是目前仍存在股权资本融资偏好强烈、负债资本融资不足、资产盈利能力不强、资金使用效率不高、经营业绩尚未改善、法人治理结构不尽合理等问题。

Educational Policy from the Perspective of Structuralism Western structure-functionalism theory,structure theory of scientific revolution, institutional transfer theory and western policy process theory have provided for us a helpful framework of analysis in understanding the generation and transfer of structure of educational policies, the complexity and richness of which give us an implication that we must understand and master it from the angle of structure and dynamic generation.

西方结构功能主义理论、科学革命结构理论、制度经济学关于制度变迁理论以及西方政策过程理论为理解教育政策的结构生成和结构变迁提供了有益的分析框架。教育政策本身的复杂丰富性启示我们必须从结构和动态生成的角度对其进行理解和把握。教育政策结构由外围层、中间层、核心层三个部分组成。

The interatomic potential for Al-Mg alloys is different from the others used in the paper. Although it is the EAM type formalism of many-body potential, the functions of this potential are not analytical forms. The functions are described by a numerical set of points, whose values are the parameters to be optimized.

非晶态Ni〓Al加热至晶态结构需要比结晶更慢的加热速率，当加热速率较大时，得到了bcc型结构占有较大比例的结构，这可能是Ni〓Al的一种亚稳结构；当加热速率较小时，可以获得部分有序L1〓结构晶体，不过晶体中仍有少量hcp型结构存在。

In the study on the fern population structure, we through the analysis of the variation in height structure, leafstalk diameter structure and age structure in various forest communities, found the rule of variation of population, and discussed the reasons of variation of population structure, and explored the suitable habitat of various forest ferns.

在蕨类植物种群结构的研究中，我们通过对不同群落中蕨类植物种群高度结构、叶柄直径结构和年龄结构的研究，发现种群结构变化的规律，找出种群结构变化的原因，探索出各种蕨类植物种群的适生生境。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。