结构

For bulk carriers, the side shell is one of the weakest parts of the hull. Most ofprevious bulk carriers are single-hull bulk carriers, according to the casualty statisticsof bulk carriers, the accident rate of the side shell of the single-hull bulk carriers ishighest among hatch, pipe, deck, side shell and bottom etc.

散货船的舷侧结构是整个船体结构中最薄弱的环节之一，目前绝大多数散货船为单壳结构，根据多年的散货船事故统计显示，在舱口盖、管系、甲板、舷侧外板、船底结构等诸多损伤中，单壳散货船的舷侧外板事故率是最高的。

This paper also introduces a new mold base design method, which applies technique of Case-based Reasoning, and presents the structure and manager of Case Base of mold die of press die.

本论文运用基于事例推理技术，对冲裁模设计中的模具结构设计进行了研究，提出了模具结构的CBR设计方法，并以此为基础提出了冲裁模结构事例库的结构和管理方案。

First, the theory of fretting wear and studies on fretting fatigue were introduced and the parametric method was used in the process of creating the model of dovetail joints in UG software. The elastic contact problem is analyzed in finite element method and is used to the parameters' distribution and contact stress of the joint are obtained on the base of ANSYS code. With the effect factor of load frequency, the prediction method of fretting fatigue life of dovetail joint under low and high/low cycle complex load is proposed. The proposed model and the approach were verified by experiments.

本文介绍了微动损伤的机理和微动疲劳寿命的研究方法；利用UG软件对燕尾榫联接结构创建了参数化实体模型；基于ANSYS软件平台求解弹性接触问题，获得了榫联接结构接触应力及接触状态量的分布；在已有微动疲劳寿命预测模型的基础上，引入载荷频率影响因子，对低周、高低周复合载荷作用下的燕尾榫联接结构进行了微动疲劳寿命的预测，与试验结果对比表明采用本文提出的方法预测榫联接结构的微动疲劳寿命是有效的。

Besides these, the dynamic simulationand structural finite element of the driving drum are also analyzed respectively. Its structure isoptimized to reduce the cost on condition that intensity and stiffness is satisfied and theoptimized structure is reanalyzed.

在虚拟样机模型的基础上分别对传动滚筒进行了运动仿真和结构有限元分析并对滚筒结构尺寸进行了优化，在保证结构满足其刚度强度条件下，尽量使结构轻便，并对优化前后进行分析。

Under different structural parameters of exit tube,including the inner diameter and the structure shape,the separation efficiency and pressure drop of the guide vane cyclone tube were measured by comparative experiments and the flow field in the guide vane cyclone tube was measured by an intelligent five-hole pilot tube.

通过对比实验测定了不同排气结构下导叶式旋风管的分离效率及压降，同时用智能型五孔球探针测试仪测定了不同排气结构的旋风管内流场分布，结合性能实验与流场测量的结果，研究了排气芯管内径及其结构型式对分离性能的影响，为旋风管结构优化和开发及其分离机理的研究提供了一定的实验基础。

Therefore, considering wide-range and importance of the box-sectioned welded beam applied in engineering, the author chooses this structure as one of typical welded structures to study. And with the equalizing bar of a bulldozer as an example, the method of fatigue design or life prediction and interrelated data of the box-sectioned welded beam are achieved through systematic study, and are considered as the basis of the structure fatigue design code or guideline which is expected to apply in machinery industry.

基于焊接箱形梁使用的广泛性和重要性，作者选择此种结构作为典型焊接结构的研究对象，并以推土机平衡梁为例，通过系统研究获得了结构疲劳设计或寿命预测方法及有关数据，作为形成结构动强度设计规范的基础，并由此可进行推广应用。

Anchorages are not only the most important part of external prestressing structures but also very complex part in construction and structural behavior.

锚固结构是体外预应力结构中最关键的结构之一，需对其进行细致详尽的分析计算，以保证体外预应力混凝土结构的安全和可靠。

The calculated results show that azido in azides has linear structure , the most optimized CaN6 has linear structure , and the most optimized (CaN6)n (n=2～5) clusters have chain structure of perpendicularity of approximate diamond composed by two azido with two Ca atoms . The middle N atoms of azido show positive, the N atoms at both ends of azido show negative, and the N atoms effected with Ca atoms directly show more negative . There is strong ionic bond between the Ca and N atoms. The IR spectra of the most optimized (CaN6)n (n=1～5) clusters have four vibrational sections , the whole strongest vibrational peak lies in 2195～2280cm-1,and the vibrational mode is anti-symmetric stretching vibration of N-N bonds in azido . Stability analysis show that (CaN6)3 and (CaN6)5 clusters are more stable than other clusters .

结果表明，叠氮化合物中叠氮基以直线型存在，CaN6团簇的最稳定结构为线型结构，(CaN6)n(n=2～5)团簇首先由两个叠氮基与两个Ca原子构成一个近似菱形，再由菱形相互垂直形成链状最稳定结构；叠氮基中间的N原子显示正电性，两端的N原子显示负电性，且与Ca直接作用的N原子负电性更强，金属Ca原子和N原子之间形成很强的离子键；(CaN6)n(n=1～5)团簇最稳定结构的IR光谱分为4个部分，其最强振动峰均位于2195～2280cm-1，振动模式为叠氮基中N-N键的反对称伸缩振动；稳定性分析显示，(CaN6)3和(CaN6)5团簇相对于其他团簇较为稳定。

After analyzing the intrinsic characters and the connection with urban development from the structure of planning and over arrangement structure,the author pays more comprehension to the structure of urban green system and cognizes the order and the connected factors which influence the planning.

从规划结构和布局结构两方面充分分析城市绿地系统结构的内在本质特征和与城市的相互关系。在此基础上进一步理解其含义，把握绿地系统结构的内在规律和外在影响因素。

Then,after analyzing the theories about research on urban green system in the world,the thesis summarizes the order of development、practical experience and inevitable tendency . 2、After analyzing the intrinsic characters and the connection with urban development from the structure of planning and over arrangement structure,the author pays more comprehension to the structure of urban green system and cognizes the order and the connected factors which influence the planning.

从国内外城市绿地系统相关方面研究的发展回顾中总结出城市绿地系统结构的发展规律、建设经验和未来趋势。2、从规划结构和布局结构两方面充分分析城市绿地系统结构的内在本质特征和与城市的相互关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。