结构

The coarsened structure perpendicular to primary crack plane exhibits better propagation resistance than that parallel with primary crack plane, but it seems that crack propagation property at high temperature can not be improved by changing γ′precipitates morphology.

颗粒形态不会改变裂纹扩展路径及微观机制，粗化结构的疲劳裂纹扩展阻力随温度升高而降低的趋势比原始结构剧烈，同时与主裂纹面垂直的粗化结构具有比与主裂纹面平行的粗化结构更好的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力，但通过改变γ′形态似乎不能改善高温下裂纹扩展性能。

Ostwald ripening is a key mechanism in the destabilization of emulsions (for example, by creaming and sedimentation).

同时最近几年，Banfiled又提出了一种新的晶体生长机制也能形成单晶结构，oriented attachment，多个取向不一致的单晶纳米颗，通过粒子的旋转，使得晶格取向一致，向后通过定向附着生长使这些小单晶生长成为一个大单晶，当然定向附着的过程出难免会出现一些位错和缺陷，这种生长机理形成的单晶的特点同Ostwald ripening不同，OR形成的单晶大多是规则的，给材料本身晶体结构相关，而OA形成的单晶结构在形貌上则没有限制，任何形状和结构的单晶材料都能通过此机理形成。

This dissertation mainly researches into some cruxes of upper chamber head and tower, which are two main components of vertical shiplift, including stability of upper chamber head, stress in construction joints, arrangement of reinforcement in this structure, determination of this type of tower, selection of the design parameters of the tower, etc.

本文主要研究三峡垂直升船机的重要组成部分上闸首和塔柱结构设计中的一些关键技术问题，包括：上闸首结构分缝技术与缝面应力计算、上闸首结构稳定、上闸首底板配筋、塔柱结构型式与设计参数确定等。

This paper introduces the concepts of CSCW, describes the present state and discusses the problems to be solved, primarily focusing on human computer interaction, concurrency control and collaboration management. According to the research on cooperative characteristics of user actions in CSCW systems, this paper proposes a software architecture model of cooperative systems, Arbor. Its main contents include: Layered structure The Arbor model divides a cooperative system into five layers according to functional decomposition: device layer, concept layer, intention layer, cooperation layer, and computation layer. It deifies user actions and reifies the results of the actions to implement multi-level collaboration among multiple users. Multi-level collaboration obtains finegrained collaboration of the cooperative system and improves its collaboration efficiency.

本文首先介绍了计算机辅助协同工作的基本概念，着重从人机接口，并发控制和协同管理等功能方面介绍了协同系统的现状及其软件结构存在的问题，然后，基于对协同系统中用户动作的协同需求和协同特性的研究，针对目前协同软件系统存在的问题，提出了一种协同系统软件结构模型Arbor，它的主要内容包括：层次结构 Arbor模型从功能上将协同软件系统分为五层：设备层、概念层、意图层、协同层和计算层，它通过对用户动作的多层抽象和对动作结果的多层例化，实现多用户之间的多层次协同及感知，层次结构增强了系统的灵活性和适应性，方便了系统的开发，同时，多层次协同的方法获得了细粒度的协同感知，提高了协同效率。

It tell us that the main reason disordering the stock A's financial environment and corporate governance is outside corporate governance structure.

单独检验的显著性都不明显，但与A股配对样本的对比研究表明两者在内部治理结构上差别并不显著，但在外部治理结构上存在显著差别，这说明了外部治理结构是造成A股财务环境与公司治理结构不能协调的重要原因。

Engineering practices show that when SFRC is used in architecture it not only effectively reduces all kinds of cracks, defers crack appearance, but also enhances bonding strength of architecture structure, elongates service life of construction, and therefore strengthens stability and reliability of monolithic construction.

工程实践表明，在建筑结构中采用钢纤维混凝土材料，不仅能够有效减少各种裂缝，推迟裂缝出现时间，而且能够加强建筑结构的连接强度，延长结构的使用寿命，从而增强整体结构的安全性和可靠性。

Complete genome sequences of 20 viruses in Bunyaviridae loaded from NCBI were analyzed by two biological softwares of DNAMAN and DNASTAR. The results indicated great variability in both nucleic acid sequence and protein structure between plant viruses and animal viruses:(1) only plant viruses could encored NSm in M genome;(2) the length of nucleic acid sequence and protein sequence was different;(3) GC content of nucleic acid of animal viruses was higher than plant viruses of that;(4) protein topology analysis by online software SMART discovered that there was significant difference for the structure of glycoproteins G(subscript nG between animal-infecting and plant-infecting viruses;(5) usually, protein of plant-infecting virus had more complicated structure, more low compositional complexity and had N-Signal peptides except INSV.

本文从NCBI数据库下载具有完整基因组序列的布尼亚科病毒的5个属20种病毒的序列，用生物学软件DNAman，DNAstar进行比对分析，发现布尼亚科病毒属中的植物病毒在核酸序列及蛋白结构上与动物病毒有很大差异：(1)只有植物病毒的M基因组能编码NSm运动蛋白；(2)植物病毒和动物病毒在核酸序列和蛋白质序列长度均有差异，表明该科病毒是进化速度较快的病毒；(3)植物病毒核酸序列的GC含量低于动物病毒；(4)通过SMART网络软件进行蛋白质拓扑结构分析发现植物病毒和动物病毒在糖蛋白GG的结构上存在显著差异；(5)植物病毒糖蛋白结构较为复杂，有较多的紊乱区域，除INSV外，其他病毒都具有N端信号肽。

The transition radiation faculae on the rear side of a 20m thick target Ta was a smooth round structure with the center brighter than the periphery, indicating incoherent transition radiation and coherent transition radiation, which is close to the results of the theoretical simulations. For a 100m thick target Ta, the faculae was a star-structure and became smaller, which resembles a star-structure of the energetic proton emission. For a 10μm Ta+10m Cu+5m Ta composite target, the faculae was a ring structure and became bigger and non-uniform, looked like two apart faculae.

在厚度为20μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现较平滑的圆形结构，而且中心亮度高于周围，这包含了非相干与相干渡越辐射的成分，与理论模拟结果接近；在厚度为100μm的Ta靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑呈现出星状结构，光斑较小，与高能质子发射出现的星状结构极其相似；在复合靶背表面观测到渡越辐射光斑虽然也呈现大致的圆形结构，但光斑较大，而且极不均匀，中间有很明显的光斑分裂。

Types of microtextures are flocculated, morsaic, particlesupported and matrix-supported.

微结构类型有：絮状结构、镶嵌结构、颗粒支撑结构和基质支撑结构。

A semiconductor device including a high voltage element and a low voltage element, including: a semiconductor substrate having high voltage element region where the high voltage element is formed, and a low voltage element region where the low voltage element is formed; a first LOCOS isolation structure disposed in the high voltage element region; and a second LOCOS isolation structure disposed in the low voltage element region, wherein the first LOCOS isolation structure includes a LOCOS oxide film formed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate and a CVD oxide film formed on the LOCOS oxide film, and the second LOCOS isolation structure includes a LOCOS oxide film.

提供一种在确保高耐压元件的高耐压特性的同时使高耐压元件和低耐压元件具有良好特性的半导体装置。具有高耐压元件和低耐压元件的半导体装置包含：规定了形成高耐压元件的高耐压元件区和形成低耐压元件的低耐压元件区的半导体衬底；在该高耐压元件区设置的第一LOCOS隔离结构；以及在该低耐压元件区设置的第二LOCOS隔离结构。第一LOCOS隔离结构由在该半导体衬底的表面上形成的LOCOS氧化膜和其上形成的CVD氧化膜构成，第二LOCOS隔离结构由LOCOS氧化膜构成。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。