结构

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

Hubei can be divided into 9 kinds of three grade region to soil erosion type and intensity,based on the information of the type and patterns of landforms,crust stability,populationcomposition,formation of landuseing type,structure of natural ecosystem,local industricalcomposition,traffic network and city-town system,natural resources and cleugh density.

以地貌形态类型组合结构及地壳稳定性、人口组成结构、土地利用类型结构、自然生态系统结构、地域产业结构、交通网络和城镇体系结构、自然资源结构、沟谷密度分布信息为基础，将湖北省土壤侵蚀类型、强度划分为9个3级类型区。

In contemporary Chinese, the combination of Noun and Verb can constitute three different structures:"NV"nominal modifying structure,"NV"verbal modifying structure,"NV"subject-predicate structure. This structure is worthy of researching because the location of it's internal component's is dispute, that is to say, whether the headword of nounbial modifier structure is verb, and whether the headword of verbal modifying structure can be noun are disputable problems.

现代汉语中，名词和动词的组合可以构成三类结构：定中偏正结构、状中偏正结构、主谓结构，由于其内部成分的定位存在着值得争议的地方，即定中偏正结构的中心词是否为动词；状中偏正结构的修饰语能否为名词，且容易出现同形异构结构，所以这类结构值得研究。

Nanning International Convention and Exhibition Center is a building of large-scale and complex structure system. Multiplicate types of structures and new technologies are applied in the project, including prestressed concrete, reinforced concrete, spatial truss, membrane and structural transfer floor etc.

摘要］南宁国际会展中心是一个规模宏大、结构体系复杂的大型建筑，在整个结构方案中，综合使用了多种结构形式和新技术，包括：预应力混凝土结构、钢筋混凝土结构、空间网壳结构、膜结构和结构转换层等。

Thus we shouldcombine the aggregate growth with structure conversion to study the economicdevelopment problem for developing countries,to search for the optimumdisequilibrium growth paths for multisector economy,to analyse the inherent lawsof structural evolution,to compute the contribution shares of structural changes toeconomic growth.

所以，研究发展中国家的经济发展问题，需要结合发展中国家多元经济结构的具体实际，将总量增长与结构转换（包括就业结构、资本结构、需求结构、产出结构等）纳入到一个统一的分析框架中，以探讨多部门经济非均衡增长的优化路径以及经济结构演进的内在规律，除了研究要素投入及技术进步对经济增长的贡献外，还需要研究资源在各部门间的重新配置以及经济结构的转换对经济增长的贡献作用。

The two-dimensional structural units (such as silicon-oxygen tetrahedral sheet, octahedral sheet), interlayer space are assembled according to the sphere close packing manner, and the close packing layers parallel to {0001}. There are several mechanisms to release the difference in size while the silicon-oxygen tetrahedral sheet and octahedral sheet assemble the TO and TOT-type structural layers. The two types of structural layers with different interlayer space fitted together in six kinds of assembling modes and formed six kinds of crystal layers. The combinatorics analysis of the two-dimensional structural units revealed that there may be 28 kinds of TOT type interstradified minerals in six kinds of polysomatic assembling modes of interatradified structure. The structural layer is symmetrical for octahedron sheet in the structure of interstratified minerals and shows polarity characteristics.

结果表明，不同二维结构单元体（包括硅氧四面体片、八面体片、层间域的构筑基本符合球体紧密堆积原理，紧密堆积层平行{0001}；四面体片与八面体片构筑TO和TOT结构层时采取多种机制消除二者在二维尺寸上的差异；两种模式的结构层与不同类型的层间物组装形成六种组装模式的晶层；并通过二维结构单元体的组合规律的分析，计算出可能存在的28种TOT型间层结构，它们分属于6种间层结构多体性组装模式；间层结构中，结构层对于八面体片是不对称的，并在属性上表现出极性特征；间层矿物的晶层类型可用6种多体性组装模式加以表达。

It presents test results of performance for three structural types of cement stabilized macadam including suspend-dense structure framework-dense structure and framework-pore structure, for two structural types of lime fly-ash macadam including suspend-dense structure and framework-dense structure, and for cement stabilized soil. By the probability analysis of Weibull on the results of fatigue test, the paper has a serial of fatigue prefigurative models. What's more, amends these models linking to the factual pavement performance.

在对三种结构的水泥稳定碎石(悬浮密实结构、骨架密实结构、骨架空隙结构)、两种结构的二灰稳定碎石(悬浮密实结构、骨架密实结构)、均匀密实结构的水泥稳定细料土进行室内三分点加载疲劳试验的基础上，采用威布尔分布理论对疲劳数据进行处理，得到各自的室内疲劳预估模型，并结合实际路面的情况对室内疲劳预估模型进行修正。

Engineering geological structure classification is divided into macro-, fine-, and microstructure. Macro-structures include alluvium predominated structure, multiple-binary-rhythm structure, thick boulder and gravel structure, saccate buried valley structure and tremendous composite structure, fine structures homogeneous structure, stuffed structure, porphyro-structure, and space frame structure, microstructures cemented, semi-cemented and loose texture.

利用第四纪构造与气候环境演变控制论的观点，在成因分类的基础上，对覆盖层进行了结构工程分类，按沉积相的不同组合特点分为冲积为主的结构、多重二元韵律结构、厚层漂卵石层结构、囊状槽谷结构、巨厚复合加积结构等五种类型；按颗粒组成和结合状态，分为均匀型、充填接触型、斑状型和架空型四种细观结构；按胶结成岩状态分为胶结、半胶结和松散三种微观结构。

Based on the language materials collected, the third chapter analyses the understanding restriction conditions of "VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2" ambiguity structure from the NP_2"s life and the VP"s mobility. The author comes to the following conclusions: the NP_2"s life rank with the "VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2" structural ambiguity in understanding becomes the correlation dependence, the monosyllable verb which expresses the hands" and the foot"s movement, easily combining with the tense auxiliary, enter the "VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2" structure to form the latent ambiguity structure; the double syllable verb which has the causes feature is easy to enter the"VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2" structure to form latent ambiguity structure; the double syllable "noun-verb", with the influence of the behind noun NP_1, both can be understood as the valency combination, and the non-valency combination, thus causes the "VP+NP_1+DE+NP_2structure to appear ambiguity.

在第三章中，我们将在语料分析的基础上分别从NP_2的生命度和VP的动性这两方面探讨这一歧义结构在理解上的制约条件：NP_2的生命度等级与&VP+NP_1+的+NP_2&歧义结构理解为偏正结构的几率成正相关关系：表示手、脚等的单音节动词容易与时态助词结合，进入&VP+NP_1+的+NP_2&结构形成潜在的歧义结构；带有致使特征的双音节动词容易进入&VP+NP_1+的+NP_2&结构形成潜在的歧义结构；双音节的&名动词&由于受其后所跟的名词NP_1的影响，既能理解为配价组合，又能理解为非价组合，从而使得&VP+NP_1+的+NP_2&结构出现歧义。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。