结构

In this paper I analyse the land use current structure of Taiyuan city, study the factors that influence the land use structure to change, forecast its future land use structure applied Markov chain model and grey systematic model and explore its change characteristic and law on the basis of study the basic theories of the land use structure.

本文在土地利用结构变化理论研究的基础上，以太原市土地利用结构为研究对象，通过对太原市土地利用现状结构、空间布局，以及土地利用结构变化的社会经济因素分析，采用马尔柯夫链模型和灰色系统模型对太原市未来土地利用结构进行了动态模拟和预测，探索了太原市土地利用结构变化的特征和规律。

Concept and state of the art of design methods of plate——column structure and plate——column and shearwall structure are bri......

基于板-柱结构及板柱-剪力墙结构的概念和设计方法现状，从风载和常遇地震作用下结构的顶点侧移，静力弹塑性分析结果，节点抗震性能以及结构振型分析等几个方面，评价了板-柱结构的抗震性能，并对板柱-剪力墙结构的抗震性能进行了初步探讨。

In order to investigate the seismic behavior of hybrid structures and guide design of high-rise buildings, the research projects on shake table tests of global structure and pseudo static tests of relevant member were generalized which were conducted in State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering of Tongji University in recent 5 years.

混合结构试验研究一般针对具体工程，研究佐证不充分且缺乏共性，为掌握混合结构抗震性能，指导高层结构设计，结合同济大学土木工程防灾国家重点实验室近5年来开展的混合结构及其受力构件研究，总结出地震力作用下混合结构受力特点及破坏规律，验证三水准、两阶段设防目标下结构的可靠性。

The mainly study results as follows:(1) The study focused on the characteristics of whole distribution and typical structures of water conservation forest in moutain areas of Beijing. According to analized the structure of 18 typical forest stands, including the species structure, horizontal structure, vertical structure, quantitative indicators and standards.Conclusion that: uneven-aged, double layer and mixed structure were .

通过对北京山区水源林18种典型森林类型林分结构归纳总结，从林分物种结构、水平结构(混交度、年龄、郁闭度、大小比数)、垂直结构、生物量、土壤厚度等方面，提出北京山区典型森林类型的结构特征，并定量化表达，从而总结出北京山区水源林结构的关键要素是：异龄、复层和混交。

At large scale, the result of comparing of optimization structure of forest type with the present structure of forest type illustrates that the present economical forest area is larger while the mixed forest is smaller. So decreasing economical forest area and increasing mixed forest area should be the main measurements to optimize spatial patterns. At small scale, the evaluation of the landscape inner structure index illustrates that the forest structure and coverage is smaller, which should be regulated and so the uneven-aged, multi-layered and mixed forest should be the object of the forest structure design.

大尺度上根据植被类型优化结构和现有植被类型结构数据的对比分析可知，现有经济林面积则过大，混交林面积较小，因此主要是减少经济林面积，改造针叶和阔叶纯林为混交林，从而增加混交林面积，以达到最优植被类型结构时的空间配置；在小尺度上通过对景观内部结构指数的计算分析可知，该区林分结构和郁闭度分指数值较小，应予以着力调整；由研究结果可知，异龄、多层次、混交的水源保护功能最好，因此稳定的林分结构设计目标就是尽量使林分形成异龄、多层次、混交林。

The results showed that with the increase of nitride partial pressure in the range of 2. 0～8. 0×10〓Pa, the hardness of NbN, TaN single layer films decreased, but the hardness of TiN films kept unchanged. The crystal structure of TaN films changed from the mixture of tetragonal β-Ta and faced-center cubic δ-TaN to hexagonal TaN and that of NbN films from FCC δ-NbN to hexagonal ε-NbN. The crystal structure of TiN films is FCC in all the range of partial pressure researched.

研究结果表明：在2.0～8.0×10〓pa的氮分压之间，随氮分压的升高，TaN和NbN薄膜硬度下降，而TiN薄膜的硬度值不随氮分压的变化而变化；TaN薄膜的相结构由低氮分压时的正方β-Ta和面心δ-TaN所组成的两相混合物过渡到六方TaN结构，NbN薄膜则由面心立方结构的δ-NbN逐渐过渡到六方结构ε-NbN，而TiN薄膜的晶体结构基本不随氮分压的变化而变化，均为面心立方结构。

The sheet space structure system is a new type of space structure system composed of light-quality, high-strength sheets and thin wall metal skeleton by certain joining method, considering the joint effect of skeleton and sheets which cover the skeleton. By applying the aviation construction principle to the civil engineering, bringing direct stress into very thin sheet, sheet space structure system can make good use of materials and the construction bearing capacity.

板片空间结构体系是由轻质、高强的复合板片和薄壁金属骨架或完全由板片通过特定的方式组合而成的一种新型空间结构体系，这种结构体系将结构材料在空间上进行合理的分布，将航空结构原理应用于土木建筑结构，采用非常薄的板材使结构主要产生直接应力，充分利用了结构材料性能，达到了体系受力合理，用材经济的目的。

In the process of building and using the mass concrete structures, because of the effect of out-side condition and themselves, some faults will form in the structure, these faults will effect the bearing capability and endurance Using nondestructive testing method to test the concrete"s quality and diagnose its healthy, which has the significant sense in assessing the safety stability and research of the administering diseasesThis dissertation mostly researched the testing methods in the mass concrete structure, discussed the principles, methods, features, sphere of application of the ultrasonic testing in the mass concrete structure with faults, used dynamic FEM to simulate the testing process, discussed when the concrete structure with cracks is under the effect of the pulse, how the elastic waves propagate and what are their changing feature, Researched the principles of the first-arriving waves" phase when the cracks" depths are not same, obtained the relation between the inversion point and the cracks" depth, which has the direction sense in the application of projects,The second part of this dissertation is CT , which used the ultrasonic wave running through the tested-substance to get arriving-time of the ultrasonic wave, then inverse the image This dissertation drawed one CT program which can well present the different little cells ultrasonic wave velocity profiles of the substance, thereby to diagnose the quality of the part of the tested-substance, CT has the better using foreground..

在混凝土结构的施工及使用过程中，由于受其自身及外界各种因素的影响，常常会产生一些缺陷，对结构物的承载能力和耐久性造成严重影响，采用无损检测技术进行质量检测和健康诊断，这对混凝土结构开展安全、稳定性评估以及病害隐患治理研究具有重要意义。本论文主要针对大体积混凝土结构缺陷的检测方法展开研究工作，重点讨论了超声波法检测混凝土结构裂缝的基本原理和方法及其特点、适用范围，运用动力有限元数值模拟其检测过程，探讨了有裂缝缺陷的混凝土结构在脉冲荷载作用下弹性波的传播及其变化特征，研究了不同裂缝深度下首波相位变化规律，得出了反转临界点与裂缝深度之间的关系，这对实际工程应用具有指导意义。声波CT是一种新的无损检测技术，它是利用声波穿透被检测体获取声波接收时间，来进行计算机反演成像的技术。本文利用直射线法编制了层析成像程序，能较好地呈现被检测物体各微小单元的声波速度分布图像，从而对检测体的质量状况作出诊断评估，具有较好的应用发展前景。

Data structure is a professional and technical basis for classes, and he can help you learn computer analysis of the data processing structure characteristics, in order to choose the appropriate application of the logic of data structures, storage structures and the corresponding algorithms, and preliminary analysis of algorithms of time and space analysis techniques, But some algorithm data structure (linear scales, warehouse and accounts, string, etc.) will be some difficulty in understanding the data structure algorithms demonstration system is an effective way to resolve this difficult, and he gives a more intuitive understanding.

数据结构是一门专业技术基础课，他能帮助大家学会分析研究计算机加工的数据结构的特性，以便为应用涉及的数据选择适当的逻辑结构、存储结构及其相应的算法，并初步学会算法的时间分析和空间分析的技术，但数据结构中的一些算法（线性表、栈和队列、串等）在理解上会有些困难，数据结构算法演示系统正是解决这个困难的一种有效方法，他给人更直观的理解。

According to the calculation of element reliability index of space lattice structures with different spans and different forms under multiple support excitations or simple support excitation ,the differences of dangerous elements and their distribution law are thoroughly analyzed involving the effects of structural span and apparent velocity.

根据对不同跨度和结构形式的大跨空间网格结构所进行的多点输入和一致输入地震作用下结构杆件可靠度指标的计算，分析这类结构在两种输入方法下危险杆件的差异，包括差异的分布规律、随视波速和结构跨度的变化情况，进而对不同形式的大跨空间网格结构采用何种地震动输入方式提出建议。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。