结晶度

The results indicated that following the increase of acetanilide loading, PVC crystalline was raised first and then decreased, when acetanilide content was 3%, PVC crystalline reached the maximum and the tensile strength was the strongest; the micro morphology was changed from an even cloud-like structure to an fiber like network, and the perfection of the network was raised first and then lowered, as made the elongation at rupture rise first and then decline.

结果表明：随着乙酰苯胺质量分数的增加，PVC结晶度先增后降，当乙酰苯胺质量分数为3%时，PVC结晶度最大，拉伸强度也最大；微观结构逐渐由均匀的云片状结构变成网络结构，且网络的完善性先增后降，使得材料的韧性先增后降。

After acetylation of cellulose, the allomorph of CTA changed and the crystallinity decreased; however, amorphism is dominant in CDA obtained by hydrolysis from CTA and spinning resulted in the reduction of crystallinity in CDA.

纤维素乙酰化后形成CTA，其晶型发生变化，结晶度降低；而CTA水解后得到的CDA，无定形占明显优势，纺丝过程中的取向又会进一步降低CDA的结晶度。

There are 8.6%~10.91% foreign matter in the sphenes, in which radioactive elements of strontium, cesium and uranium range from 4.26% to 4.58%. The change of structural cell parameters of sphenes is still very little,Δa=-0.0009 nm~0.0041 nm,Δb=0.0018 nm~0.0004 nm,Δc=0.0002 nm~0.0048 nm,Δβ=-0.10°~0.09° with high crystallinity of 99.27%~96.46%. Though, the age of sphene from the Fenghuang Mountain is about 1000 Ma, and experienced 775 Ma~1758 Ma geological evolvement and alpha decay, its crystallinity only decreased 3%, and its crystal shape and structure are still fine, indicating that sphene is of good ability to solidify radioactive elements. Therefore, sphenes are ideal minerals for solidifying nucleus waste.

通过对北祁连牛心山变质杂岩体中榍石(775Ma)和山西凤凰山花岗岩中榍石(1758Ma)的XRD及EDS等测试与研究，结果表明：两地榍石的杂质元素质量分数高达8.6%~10.91%，放射性核素锶、铯和铀的质量分数达4.26%~4.58%；晶胞参数的变化极小，△a=-0.0009nm~0.0041nm、△b=0.0018nm~0.0004nm、△c=0.0002nm~-0.0048nm、△β=-0.10°~0.09°，结晶度仍高达99.27%~96.46%，榍石经过10×10^8a的地质作用，结晶度仅减少了3%，显示榍石固化放射性系列核素的能力较强，虽经历了约775Ma~1758Ma的复杂地质演化及其所含放射性核素的衰变作用，其晶体结构完好，稳定性极高，是值得期待的理想核废物固化矿物。

However, more perfect structure of PEO segments is formed when the system exits in semicrystalline-semicrystalline state.3 When the composition of hard segments is 30%, the crystallizability of PETsegments exerts strong influence on the nucleation mechanism and growthdimensions of soft segments.

PEO嵌段的晶体尺寸小，结构不规整，结晶度低；当体系处于结晶—结晶态时，PEO嵌段的晶体结构比较规整，而且此时软段长度对其形态影响也比较大。3硬段含量为30％时，它的结晶与否直接影响软段晶体的成核及生长方式。

The nucleation effect of nucleating agent HC (mainly containing salt of high molecular carboxylic acid) on polyoxymethylene was studied, and the effects of the nucleating agent on the crystalline morphology, crystallizability and crystallization rate of POM were also studied by means of DSC, PLM and isothermal crystallization kinetics analysis.

研究了高摩尔质量羧酸盐类成核剂HC对聚甲醛的结晶成核作用，采用示差扫描量热分析、偏光显微镜观察及等温结晶动力学分析等方法研究了该类成核剂对POM结晶形态、结晶度、结晶速率等的影响，并考察了其力学性能。

The apatite with end-member cations, the apatite solid solutions [M-M1 AP] withdivalent cations substitution, the fluorapatite and the chlorapatite with end-memberations, the apatite solid solutions [Xi-X2 AP] with column-ions substitution were synthesizedthrough " solid-phase reaction method" in inert gas.

对不同Ca/P摩尔比HAP来说，在1.2≤R≤2.3范围内，随R值偏离正常配比程度的增大，其比表面积增大、晶粒尺寸ΓA，Γ(221，ΓR减小、晶形指数降低、结晶度减小、晶格缺陷度增大；当R=2.5时，晶粒尺寸和结晶度反而增大，出现反常，但晶格缺陷度却保持有规律增加。

With the increase of a nucleator amount, the tensile and flexural properties of iPP are improved.

3加入α成核剂后，iPP树脂的熔点与结晶温度升高，结晶诱导期变短，结晶速率增大，结晶度增加。

The results proclaimed that nucleator C caused the thinner spherulites of POM and a greater growth rate, which was a three dimensional heterogenous growth process, and the crystal system of POM was not changed, but the crys-tallinity of POM decreased, the crystallite size of POM increased.

实验果表明，成核剂C的加入，使POM球晶细化，结晶速度加快，结晶过程为异相成核三维生长过程，且不改变POM的结晶晶型但结晶度略有下降，微晶尺pp成核剂寸增大。

By employing such a method, 5 series of elastomers, including natural rubbers, elastomeric polyester fibers and ethylene-octene, ethylene-methyl acrylate as well as SIS triblock copolymers, were investigated with the purpose of studying elongation induced phase structure and mobility changes of the samples. For NR samples, it was demonstrated that there exists a small amount of crystals at RT even for unelongated samples. For both NR and the soft segment of PEE, with the increase of elongation ratio, the elongation-induced crystallinity increases almost linearly in a certain region of R, in accord with the increase of the lamellar thickness of the crystals; The behavior of ethylene copolymers, in terms of elongation induced morphorpholgy changes, are quite different from NR and PEE. The crystals are found to be gradually destroyed with the increase of R, with accord with the decrease of the lamellar thickness; The motional behavior of the soft segment of SIS, changes from "liquid" to "solid", in terms of 13C NMR spin-lattice relaxation.For many of the aformented samples, the dependence of 13C spin-lattice relaxtion time T1 on R are different for different groups, indicating that the changes of mobility at MHz frequency region with elongation are different for different groups.

通过对天然橡胶、聚醚酯嵌段共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、SIS等高分子弹性体样品聚集态结构和分子运动的研究，获得了一些新的实验结果，如：给出了确切的实验证据，证明了室温下未拉伸的天然橡胶样品中存在着微量的结晶；发现随着拉伸比增加，天然橡胶及聚醚酯样品的软段部分会出现拉伸诱导的结晶，且结晶度在一定范围内呈现近似线性的增加，所形成晶片的厚度也随之逐渐增加；而乙烯共聚物随着拉伸比的增加，原有的结晶会被逐渐破坏，晶片厚度逐渐变薄，结晶中的缺陷逐渐增加；随着拉伸比的增加，SIS中PI软段部分的核磁共振弛豫行为会出现从液态到固态的转变等；在对上述多个体系的研究中，还发现不同基团的自旋-晶格弛豫时间随着拉伸比呈现不同的变化趋势，表明不同基团的高频运动随拉伸比增加有不同的变化规律。

Caprolactam grafted carbon fibre could improve the initial crystallization temperature and the crystallization rate more obviously than ungrafted carbon fibre. The crystallization of nylon 6 was determined by nucleation. The nonisothermal crystallization dynamics was well coincident with the rule of both of Jeziorny and Liu equation. isothermal crystallization dynamics fitted to Avrami equation.

用广角X射线衍射法对晶型结构进行研究，表明碳纤维使原生态的样品中α晶型的含量降低，结晶度下降，其中接枝聚己内酰胺链段的碳纤维／MC尼龙6原位复合材料中α晶型的含量比未接枝的碳纤维／Me尼龙6原位复合材料的多，结晶度也较大：样品淬火时，碳纤维有利于基体尼龙6结晶时形成γ型晶体，接枝聚己内酰胺链段的碳纤维更有利于基体尼龙6结晶时形成γ型晶体；淬火后的样品在200℃下退火2个小时后γ晶型完全转变为α晶型。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。