结晶

Crystallization was the key step in the process of extraction of amygdalin. Considering the purity and crystallization ratio of amygdalin, the amounts of ethanol and ether was chosen as 1:18 and 1:0.4, crystallization time was 36h.

结晶是分离、纯化苦杏仁苷的主要步骤，本文综合考虑结晶纯度和结晶得率，乙醇添加比为1：18，乙醚添加比为1：0.4 ，结晶时间选择36h。

The isothermally crystallized films of the low temperature fractions of the two PPEs possess the similar crystalline morphology, i. e., thinner and high content of cross-hatching lamellae. The main reason to create the different crystallization behavior between the two PPEs and their fractions was due to the different distribution of the copoymerized ethylene unit.

对于分级样品，PPE1和PPE2高温级份的结晶行为差别较大：PPE1的高温级份结晶时形成的片晶较厚并且交叉片晶的数量也较低，剪切时产生较多纤维晶；两个样品的低温级份结晶形态类似，即结晶时形成的交叉片晶的含量都较高，剪切产生纤维晶数量差不多。

However, more perfect structure of PEO segments is formed when the system exits in semicrystalline-semicrystalline state.3 When the composition of hard segments is 30%, the crystallizability of PETsegments exerts strong influence on the nucleation mechanism and growthdimensions of soft segments.

PEO嵌段的晶体尺寸小，结构不规整，结晶度低；当体系处于结晶—结晶态时，PEO嵌段的晶体结构比较规整，而且此时软段长度对其形态影响也比较大。3硬段含量为30％时，它的结晶与否直接影响软段晶体的成核及生长方式。

The nucleation effect of nucleating agent HC (mainly containing salt of high molecular carboxylic acid) on polyoxymethylene was studied, and the effects of the nucleating agent on the crystalline morphology, crystallizability and crystallization rate of POM were also studied by means of DSC, PLM and isothermal crystallization kinetics analysis.

研究了高摩尔质量羧酸盐类成核剂HC对聚甲醛的结晶成核作用，采用示差扫描量热分析、偏光显微镜观察及等温结晶动力学分析等方法研究了该类成核剂对POM结晶形态、结晶度、结晶速率等的影响，并考察了其力学性能。

Crysalline shape and behavior were investigated by polarizing microscope and wide angle X-ray diffraction spectrum.The results show that the value of impact strength is maximum while tensile strength,flexural strength,modulus and vicat softening temperature are least when the content of β form nucleator is 0.05 phr.

结果表明，当β成核剂的含量在0.05份时，冲击强度达到最大值，而拉伸强度、弯曲强度、模量、维卡软化温度等达到最小值；当β成核剂含量为0.05份以下时，随着β成核剂含量增加，PP中β晶结晶度大幅度上升，同时α晶结晶度大幅度下降；增加β成核剂用量至大于0.10份时，β晶结晶度略为下降，而α晶结晶度上升，但总结晶度随着β成核剂含量增加呈现上升趋势。

By employing such a method, 5 series of elastomers, including natural rubbers, elastomeric polyester fibers and ethylene-octene, ethylene-methyl acrylate as well as SIS triblock copolymers, were investigated with the purpose of studying elongation induced phase structure and mobility changes of the samples. For NR samples, it was demonstrated that there exists a small amount of crystals at RT even for unelongated samples. For both NR and the soft segment of PEE, with the increase of elongation ratio, the elongation-induced crystallinity increases almost linearly in a certain region of R, in accord with the increase of the lamellar thickness of the crystals; The behavior of ethylene copolymers, in terms of elongation induced morphorpholgy changes, are quite different from NR and PEE. The crystals are found to be gradually destroyed with the increase of R, with accord with the decrease of the lamellar thickness; The motional behavior of the soft segment of SIS, changes from "liquid" to "solid", in terms of 13C NMR spin-lattice relaxation.For many of the aformented samples, the dependence of 13C spin-lattice relaxtion time T1 on R are different for different groups, indicating that the changes of mobility at MHz frequency region with elongation are different for different groups.

通过对天然橡胶、聚醚酯嵌段共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、SIS等高分子弹性体样品聚集态结构和分子运动的研究，获得了一些新的实验结果，如：给出了确切的实验证据，证明了室温下未拉伸的天然橡胶样品中存在着微量的结晶；发现随着拉伸比增加，天然橡胶及聚醚酯样品的软段部分会出现拉伸诱导的结晶，且结晶度在一定范围内呈现近似线性的增加，所形成晶片的厚度也随之逐渐增加；而乙烯共聚物随着拉伸比的增加，原有的结晶会被逐渐破坏，晶片厚度逐渐变薄，结晶中的缺陷逐渐增加；随着拉伸比的增加，SIS中PI软段部分的核磁共振弛豫行为会出现从液态到固态的转变等；在对上述多个体系的研究中，还发现不同基团的自旋-晶格弛豫时间随着拉伸比呈现不同的变化趋势，表明不同基团的高频运动随拉伸比增加有不同的变化规律。

The study of vertical channel with high field effect mobility by Ni induced lateral crystallization, which can form larger grains on channel regions and reduce grain boundary defects. We detect the method of Ni induced lateral crystallization through high field effective mobility, but that accumulates too much Ni on floating N+ region and causes defects and metal contamination. As Ni is used to form silicde and then proceed to low temperature annealing, we can observe the floating region that has no Ni acumination regions or contaminations. This aids us in obtaining good electronic performance of this device, not only the remote field effective mobility but also the vast improvement of sub-threshold swing and on/off currents.

接著，是延续垂直通道的研究，希望能有效的提升电子迁移率，因此以镍金属诱导横向结晶的方式使通道形成较大的结晶，减少矽晶粒之间的缺陷，而在初步的研究，发现以镍金属直接诱导横向结晶的方式，经由低温长时间回火之后，由於镍金属扩散的关系，完成诱导结晶之后，有过多的镍金属聚集在顶部参杂的中间区域，而造成过多的缺陷累积，虽然电子迁移率有效的提升，但整体的电性并不如预期，因此提出先形成镍金属矽化物后，将未反应的镍金属或金属氧化物去除之后，再进行镍金属矽化物诱导横向结晶处理，经由结果观察得知在顶部掺杂区域部分没有明显的镍金属累积或污染，并且得到很好的整体电性，除了电子迁移率有效提升之外，次临界特性以及导通电流都能有效改善。

The results showed that:①the crystalline phases are mainly the cuspidine, wollastonite and gehlenite with nepheline, fluorite and olivine also found in some samples under the experimental conditions;②with the bacisity and CaF_2 content increased, crystalline proportion of mold flux rises .

熔融保护渣在MoSi2高温电阻炉内以2℃/min降温速率冷却至室温，制成薄片，采用岩相显微镜分析保护渣的结晶矿相·结果表明：在本实验条件下，结晶矿相主要有枪晶石，硅灰石，黄长石，个别渣样有霞石，萤石，橄榄石；增大保护渣碱度，能促进保护渣结晶；随着渣中CaF2，Na2O，K2O和Li2O质量分数的增大，保护渣结晶化率增大；随着渣中Al2O3，MgO，BaO和MnO质量分数的增大，保护渣结晶化率减小

Organic solvent repetition crystallization method showed that 60% ethanol was the suitable solvent system. After 5 times repetition crystallization, the purity of product can be up to 98%, and the crystal state was yellow club-shaped, length of which is above 3mm. The productivity of this method is 30.01±1.26%, which is 2 times high than water repetition crystal method. So this method has good exploitation foreground.

有机溶剂重结晶法，选择60%浓度乙醇为适合的二氢杨梅素结晶体系，经过5 次重结晶后，产品的纯度可达98%，晶体为黄色、棒状，长度可达3mm，结晶产率为30.01±1.26%，较水重结晶法高2 倍左右。

Firstly, we propose solid-state continue-wave laser to crystallized poly-Si films, the distinction of excimer laser, CW-laser possessed high stability, reliability, durable and low-cost. In this way, we used laser scanning speed and energy to analysis a status of grain lateral growth and crystallizes mechanism for various condition, furthermore, we succeed to crystallize great grain size more than 10 μm. To compare excimer laser crystallization and Sequential lateral solidification, CW-laser don't needed extra procedure to carrier out large grain size.

首先，吾人提出有别於传统准分子雷射结晶技术的固态连续波雷射横向再结晶技术，固态连续波雷射具有高稳定的特性且相较於准分子雷射具有可靠、耐用、价廉且维护成本低的优点，在此我们利用不同的扫描速度与雷射能量，分析出在不同条件下的横向结晶状态与其成长机制，并且成功的成长出大於10 μm的晶粒大小，相较於准分子雷射结晶与循序性侧向结晶，固态连续波雷射不需额外的步骤即可达成大晶粒成长。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。