结垢

For the feature of its structure, the toilet is not water closing, has no storage of water, so it can not encrust, it can save the using detergent for cleaning toilet, preventing the pollution of the water resource for the second time.

由于其结构特点，便器内没有水封，不存水，所以不结垢，比原座便器省却了清除结垢的化学洁厕剂，避免了对水源的二次污染。

In the wet-process phosphoric acid production from the Hubei phosphate ore, one of the bothersome problems is that potassium fluosilicate and sodium fluosilicate scales are liable to form on the filtration system owing to its high potassium and sodium content, which greatly restrains the application of Hubei phosphate ore.

本文首先采用人工冷却系统模拟湿法磷酸生产的真空过滤系统冷却过程，研究垢物的析出规律，实验结果得知：垢物的主要成分为氟硅酸钠和氟硅酸钾，氟硅酸钠首先析出，结构致密，其次是氟硅酸钾，最后是二水硫酸钙，氟硅酸钠对氟硅酸钾有很强的结晶诱导作用；然后在三种生产中常用的不同的材质钼二钛、聚氯乙烯和聚四氟乙烯表面进行结垢试验，发现聚四氟乙烯表面最不易结垢，而在钼二钛表面最易结垢。

No incrustation in pipe inner wall improves the quality of water and low efficiency results from incrustation.

l 集热管内壁与水隔离，管内壁无结垢问题，解决了水质差或长期无人清理时管内结垢所带来的太阳能不热问题。

Firstly, this paper compares several methods often used to remove scale in industry application, then analyzes and introduces the antiscale mechanism and structure of ultrasonic descaler, and lastly uses detailed cases to verify the antiscale effect of ultrasonic descaler in different environment and usage. The spreading of this product has significant value in environment protection, saving energy, improving efficiency and reducing cost, etc.

本文首先比较了工业生产应用中常用的几种不同的清垢方法，并对超声波防垢器的防垢机理、原理结构进行了分析和介绍，最后通过各种详实的使用案例资料，有效地证实了超声波防垢器在不同环境和用途中的防除结垢效果，其推广价值在环保节能、提高工效、降低成本等诸方面具有广泛的意义。

The reservoirs in Mawangmiao oilfield is strongly sensitive and acid sensitive because of its ferreous minerals, such as pyrite and illite/smectite mixed- layers.

马王庙油田储层普遍含有伊／蒙混层及黄铁矿等含铁矿物，存在较强的水敏和酸敏；长期以来注入水水质不达标，已经导致地层的固体堵塞和油堵；经过垢样分析，结垢主要为碳酸钙、少量铁垢及碳酸镁垢。

It is found that the fouling rate is lowered during subcooled fow boiling by carrying gas injection, and the influence of carrying gas injection on fouling of convective heat transfer is more obvious than that of subcooled flow boiling; morphology of CaCO〓 crystallization fouling exhibits self-similarity and the fractal dimensions of CaCO〓 crystallization fouling are determined from the gray scale distribution of the SEM images by box-dimension method. The value of the crystallization fouling surface fractal dimensions reveals the complexity of the surface, and can be used as an import parameter for the investigation of influence of carrying gas injection on scale formation.

实验发现：引入载气，过冷流动沸腾结垢速率降低，但引入载气对过冷流动沸腾结垢速率的影响要弱于对对流传热结垢速率的影响；CaCO〓结晶垢具有统计自相似性，即分形特征；用盒子维法测定了CaCO〓结晶垢的分维值，分维值的大小反映了换热面上生成的结晶垢表面复杂程度，可用于描述引入载气对污垢的形成作用。

Reinjection is applied for sewage disposal in Daniudi gasfield. Sewage contains some sulfate ion. The main ion in formation water with high salinity includes K, Na, Ca, Mg and Ba. So reinjected sewage combining with original formation water will generate scaling, And the scaling type is mainly sulfate scale.

中文摘要：大牛地气田对污水处理采用回注方法，污水中含有一定量的硫酸根离子，而地层水中也有很高的矿化度，主要离子为钾、钠、钙、镁、钡，因此回注污水与原地层水相混，会产生结垢现象，结垢类型主要为硫酸盐垢。

The presence of Mg〓 will change the crystallization process of calcium carbonate and produce aragonite scale. The presence of Zn〓 can prevent the formation of the crystal nucleus of calcium carbonate and then prevent the scale.

当水的硬度、温度增加时，水的结垢速率增加；SO〓和NaCl含量增加，能使水的结垢速率略有增加；Mg〓能改变碳酸钙的结晶过程并产生文石状的水垢；Zn〓的参与能明显阻碍碳酸钙微晶核的生成，从而达到阻垢的目的。

The water-scaling rate will increase when the water hardness or temperature is increased. The water-scaling rate will increase slightly when the concentration of SO〓 or NaC1 is increased. The presence of Mg〓 will change the crystallization process of calcium carbonate and produce aragonite scale. The presence of Zn〓 can prevent the formation of the crystal nucleus of calcium carbonate and then prevent the scale.

当水的硬度、温度增加时，水的结垢速率增加；SO〓和NaCl含量增加，能使水的结垢速率略有增加；Mg〓能改变碳酸钙的结晶过程并产生文石状的水垢；Zn〓的参与能明显阻碍碳酸钙微晶核的生成，从而达到阻垢的目的。

In connection with the scaling problem a new descaling method, the induced sedimentation on carrier, is provided.

针对中低温地热水利用中的结垢问题，提出了一种除垢方法——诱垢载体沉积式除垢技术。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。