结合面

Besides the traditional contents of oral surgery, such as extraction of teeth, alveolar surgery, preprosthetic surgery, TMJ disorders, jaw injuries and salivary gland diseases, additional sections such as microvascular surgery, cosmetic surgery, plastic and reconstructive surgery, head and neck tumour surgery, and Traditional Chinese Medicine are also appurtenant parts of typical oral and maxillofacial surgery of China.

其所涉及的学科领域和内容较西方一些国家更广，除传统的口腔外科——牙及牙槽外科、修复前外科、颞下颌关节病、颌面损伤、唾液腺疾病等外，还包括了颌面整复外科、显微外科、头颈部肿瘤外科等内容，而且还有独特的传统医学——中医学的结合及参与，形成了具有中国特色的口腔颌面外科学。

Then it proves a necessary and sufficient condition for anamalgamation of two 3-manifolds with toms boundary with no new incompressible surfaces.Lastly, with the help of the condition and the theorem about the classification of allautomorphisms of a torus, it is proveed that there exists infinitely many 3-manifolds each ofwhich contains no incompressible surfaces besides a torus.

最后，文章给出了以环面作为边界的两个3维流形在作融合积时不产生新的不可压缩曲面的一个充分必要条件，并将这个结果与关于环面到自身的自同胚类的分类的结果相结合，证明了本文的一个核心结论，即存在无穷多个互不同胚的3维流形满足除了一个环面以外不含有其他的不可压缩曲面。

Referring to the function of cylindrical lens and the principles of holographic optical elements, we make this holographic element, which can achieve the optical function of cylindrical lens, and have the advantage of large-scale, short focal length and well-distributed light energy, in order to meet the requirements of laser direct writing synthetic holograms.

实验结合激光直写合成全息拍摄时所需柱面透镜的功能，参考全息光学元件的制作原理来制作图像柱面压缩全息光学元件，实现柱面透镜的光学功能，并使元件具有大面积、短焦距、会聚光均匀分布的特点，满足激光直写合成全息拍摄对图像的需求。

First, this paper, in the field of intrinsic geometry, studies the geometric problems on garment design, as well as applies the frame and semi-geodesic coordinates to prove the fundamental theorem of being a developable surface.

文中首先在内在几何学的层次上，研究了服装设计所涉及的几何学问题，应用标架与半测地坐标方法证明了曲面成为可展面的基本定理，研究了可展面的分类及其性质，考虑到服装三维几何造型的需要，证明了组合式可展面各组成片相切连接条件的命题，作为构造可展面的理论依据，证明了单参数平面族的包络面必为可展面的命题，在此基础上发展出服装几何造型的"刮大白"方法以及相关的三种构造可展面的解析方法。3D→2D的变换是三维服装CAD的重要内容之一，其几何学实质是曲面的定长映射，文中总结了定长映射即可展面在平面上展开的基本准则，在这一准则的指导下，结合服装设计与相关领域的要求，讨论了可展面在平面上展开的解析方法与数字方法，上述内容确立了服装设计几何学的基本框架。

Integrated with the calculation methods of soil pressure, the mechanism of soil pressure of fale is studied systematically and detailedly based on the mode of axial stress distribution of wholly grouted anchor.

在全长粘结式锚杆拉力分布模型基础之上，结合本文的土钉土压力计算方法，本文对面层土压力机理进行了系统详细的研究，提出了面层局部土压力、面层土压力及土钉最大拉力的计算公式和分布模型，理论分析和实例分析表明，本文提出的轴力分布模型和面层土压力机理是合理的，解决了面层土压力取值标准问题，为面层设计提供了定量的依掘，土钉最大拉力可直接用于土钉长度设计。

The results show that the interplanar crystal spacing and lattice index of Al-rich α phase reduce gradually with increasing pressure. When the pressure reaches from common pressure to 5 GPa , Al-rich α phase lies on the (200) and (220) crystal faces, the interplanar crystal spacing are reduced by 1.07% and 1.15%. From common pressure to 3 GPa , the microstructure of ZA27 alloy changes from thick dendrites to fine dendrites, and finally to granular. According to the effect of solute diffusion coefficient under super high pressure and the calculation of Scherrer formula, it can be seen that the crystal organization is fine within the bounds of certain pressure. This conclusion is consistent with the experiment results.

结果表明：随着压力的增加，晶面间距和晶格常数都逐渐减小，当压力达到5 GPa时，富铝α相在(200)与(220)晶面处，晶面间距较常压力时的分别减小1.07%和1.15%；在常压至3 GPa范围内，晶粒由粗大的树枝晶→细小的树枝晶→粒状、椭球状枝晶转变的趋势，通过压力对合金凝固溶质扩散系数的影响结合Scherrer公式计算分析其组织变化原因，得出在一定的压力范围内，随着压力的增大，晶粒尺寸逐渐变小，这一结论与实验结果相符。

Based on the above results, the problems of the electromagnetic interaction between a perfect conducting plate and 1-D/2-D conducting slightly random rough surface and the problems of the electromagnetic interaction between a dielectric spherical particle and dielectric slightly random rough surface are investigated. By using the reciprocity theorem, Small Perturbation Method and Physical Optics approximation, the solution for the composite scattering field from the composite target is derived and evaluated, and the numerical results are discussed and analyzed.

在此基础上，用互易性原理分别研究了一维、二维导体微粗糙面与其上方金属导体平板目标的复合电磁散射及介质粗糙面与其上方球形粒子的复合电磁散射，结合互易性原理和粗糙面散射微扰法及物理光学近似导出了复合散射场的计算公式并进行了数值计算，对计算结果进行了讨论和分析。

Based on the problems of the change of erosion types on the slope, we used a new REE tracer method, by placing different rare earth elements of different soil depth across a slope in an indoor plot, simulated rainfall and INAA were applied to study sheet erosion changing to rill erosion on slope land.

提出并建立了一种新的利用REE元素研究坡面土壤侵蚀的方法根据坡面不同侵蚀方式演变过程定量分析存在问题，提出并建立了人为沿坡面垂直分层布设不同的REE示踪元素，利用室内人工模拟降雨试验和中子活化分析相结合的方法研究坡面侵蚀演变过程。

This dissertation applies 3-D finite element theory to development of the shape functions and stiffness matrixes of the triangular prism isoparameter elements (6 to 15 nodes). A calculating method for Gaussian integral in triangular prism is presented.

本文应用三维有限元理论，构造了一类五面体6～15节点单元的形函数，提出了在五面体单元内的Gauss积分处理方法，建立了相应的单元刚度矩阵，将其与六面体8～21节点单元结合，可用于计算焊接钢结构的应力场。

Based on the summary of newest progresses of global gravity field models, isostatic models and flexural theory of Hthosphere and making used of global gravity model (UTCSR GRACE/GFZ EIGEN-GRACE), First, I calculate geoidal anomalies with different degrees and orders, isostatic residual geoidal anomalies of Hthosphere and horizontal stress distribution in Chinese mainland and vicinity and make an interpretation with multi-levels isostatic equilibrium. Secondly, combination with surface geology and others geophysical data, I analyze detailed structure of lithosphere within various segments of the central orogenic system, respectively. Then, On the basis of making a comparative analysis with among East-Asian tomography, anomalies of geoid and satellite magnetic field for lithosphere and gravity and aeromagnetic, I propose a the lithospheric structural framework model for the Chinese mainland and adjacent area, specially the COS.

利用国际最新的地球重力场模型(UTCSR GRACE/GFZ EIGEN-GRACE)和GTOPO 30数字高程模型，笔者首先计算了中国大陆不同球谐阶次大地水准面异常、岩石圈均衡剩余大地水准面异常和水平应力场分布，从岩石圈内多层次均衡角度进行了解释推断；其次，结合地表地质和其它综合地球物理资料，分区段对中央造山系及邻区分析与解释了岩石圈细结构；然后，通过东亚地区地震层析、大地水准面异常和卫星岩石圈磁场、全国重力与航空磁力对比分析，建立了中国大陆及其邻区岩石圈，特别是中央造山系的初步结构框架。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。