结合性的

The question of searching characteristic points or straight lines on moving rigid body is decomposed into two relatively independent sub-questions. The first one is to evaluate the characteristic of points and straight lines on moving rigid body, whose mathematics model is a kind of special non-differential max-mini optimal problem with inequality constraints. By the method of Saddle-point Programming and maximum entropy, the problem can be transformed as a differential optimal problem with single objective. The second oner is to search approximative character points or straight lines on moving rigid body within design space, whose mathematic model is nonlinear and non-differential problem with multiple constraints.

本文将在运动刚体上寻找特征点或直线的优化问题分解为两个相对独立的子问题，一是对运动刚体上点或直线的特征性评定，其实质是平面曲线的圆度或直线度的评定问题，优化模型是以最大误差为最小作为优化目标的约束不可微的优化问题，本文采用鞍点规划和极大熵方法，将其转化为单目标可微优化模型；二是在设计空间内，寻找运动刚体上特征性评定指标最小的近似特征点或直线，其优化模型是非线性、多约束的不可微优化问题，本文提出用遗传算法和BFGS局部搜索法相结合来求解。

This paper prepares to probe into the characteristic and regularity of Convertible Bond running in our capital market, to pull Convertible Bond into successful practice by virtue of the link of the theories of Convertible Bond, such as Convertible Bonds factors-planning, the choice of issuing time, the influence to financial structure, pricing-model, etc, and the running situations of the issued Convertible Bond.

本文拟就可转换债券的重要理论，如可转换债券的股性和债性、可转换债券的要素设计、发行时机的选择、对财务结构的影响、定价模型、价值构成、投融资风险等，再结合我国已发行的可转换债券的运行情况，以探讨可转换债券在我国资本市场运行的特点和规律，以推进可转换债券在我国的成功实践。

This paper prepares to probe into the characteristic and regularity of Convertible Bond running in our capital market, to pull Convertible Bond into successful practice by virtue of the link of the theories of Convertible Bond, such as Convertible Bond's factors-planning, the choice of issuing time, the influence to financial structure, pricing-model, etc, and the running situations of the issued Convertible Bond.

本文拟就可转换债券的重要理论，如可转换债券的股性和债性、可转换债券的要素设计、发行时机的选择、对财务结构的影响、定价模型、价值构成、投融资风险等，再结合我国已发行的可转换债券的运行情况，以探讨可转换债券在我国资本市场运行的特点和规律，以推进可转换债券在我国的成功实践。

This thesis is divided into four parts, first part one has explained the background of the research, puts forward to the problem of the thesis, thinking and method; The second part two has introduced the overview of northwest under developed area, and analyzed the characteristic of local university"s scientific research of northwest under developed area and the demand of young teachers; The third part, according to the current situation motivation of scientific research the young teachers of local university in Gansu as the individual case, carrying on comparative analysis to local university"s young teacher"s scientific research in Gansu Province; The forth part has combined the typical case - the current situation of Gansu Province, put forward the measures to the northwest under developed area that concerning the scientific research motivation for young teachers: Intensity of research funding of the young teachers should be moderate; Young teacher"s assessment of results should not give priority to symbolic achievements and patent for invention; the structure of graduation school the young teacher of local university should be optimized; It is necessary to strengthen the training of the scientific research of the young teachers;It is necessary to set up the teachers sabbatical leave system and improve the system of floating of teachers of local universities.

因此，本研究选择了甘肃地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题作为论文的个案，力图对西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师的科研激励问题提出对策性建议。本研究共分为四部分，第一部分阐述了研究背景，梳理了相关的文献资料，提出研究的问题，思路和方法；第二部分首先介绍了西北欠发达地区概况，并对西北欠发达地区地方高校科研的特点及青年教师的需求特征进行了分析；第三部分由于甘肃地方高校青年教师科研激励现状在西北欠发达地区地方高校中具有典型性和代表性，以甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励现状为个案，对甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励措施进行了比较分析；第四部分结合个案——甘肃省地方高校青年教师科研激励的现状，提出西北欠发达地区地方高校青年教师科研激励问题的对策性思考：科研资助强度应适中；成果鉴定不宜以标志性成果和发明专利为主；优化地方高校青年教师学缘结构；加强地方高校青年教师的科研培训；建立学术假制度以及完善地方高校人才流动制度。

On this basis, according to historical data, apply ANN and differential simulation method to get the quantitatively correlative relations between each production and its own influence factors, and introduce the new methods of prediction for dynamic indexes with gas-field development (The combinatorial prediction method based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the method of ANN to select optimally combinatorial prediction models and the ANN prediction method based on genetic algorithm).(2) Base on mathematical programming, combine with quantitative economics and techno-economics, introduce economical indexes to establish production"s distribution optimal model, production"s constitution optimal model and measured production"s constitution optimal model, including multi-objective models and five-years models. Upon this, the optimal project for all gas field and each gas-collected factory can be got. Also, introduce the time value of capitals to improve on these models.(3) Base on the optimal solution theory and algorithm theory for the nonlinear programming problem, introduce the SUMT algorithm and genetic algorithm to study how to solve the models, and on the basis of normal genetic algorithm, make use of auto-adaptively modulating method to improve on normal genetic algorithm; Base on algorithm"s convergence theory and calculation"s complexity theory to analyze seriatim SUMT algorithm"s convergence and genetic algorithms convergence, and compare performance with each other.

在此基础上，利用神经网络方法和微分模拟方法根据历史数据得到各分项产量与其影响因素之间的定量关联关系，并引入气田开发动态指标新的预测方法(基于模糊综合评判的组合预测方法、神经网络优选组合预测模型预测方法以及基于遗传优化的神经网络预测方法)；(2)以数学规划为基础，结合数量经济学和技术经济学，引入经济指标建立产量分配优化模型、产量构成优化模型、措施产量构成优化模型、气田开发多目标规划模型以及五年规划模型，进而获得全气田及各采气厂的最优方案，并引入资金时间价值对五年规划模型进行改进；(3)以非线性规划问题的最优解及算法理论为基础，引入SUMT算法以及遗传算法对模型的求解进行研究，并在原有的遗传算法基础上，引入自适应调整方法对遗传算法进行改进；以算法的收敛性理论和计算复杂性理论为基础，逐一分析SUMT算法以及遗传算法的收敛性，并比较三种算法的优劣性。

Discussed the subject on the rich symbiont germplasm resource in China and on further research being necessary to exploitation and utilization of the benificial germplasm.

文摘：针对我国主要豆科作物大豆和花生的研究成果，并结合本身研究工作内容，(1)总结了与宿主共生的根瘤菌生物学多样性，包括大、小样本的土著根瘤菌群体数量、分离频率、类型与分布及其菌株―宿主共生混交性与亲和性；(2)评述了根瘤菌―宿主植物共生体双边固氮改良，包括优良菌株的选育、宿主品种资源共生特性的评价与利用及特异性状的选择；(3)讨论了我国这一类共生体资源的丰富性以及有必要进一步加大力度研究有益资源的开发和利用的问题。

By means of document searching and comparative study,the author of this thesis has defined the three essential elements of non-competence,i.e.confidentiality,valuableness and manageability,and analyzed their relevant contents.The author has also illustrated the differences between non-competence and confidentiality agreement,duty of loyalty and collateral obligation,and the conflicts in the rights of non...

本文主要采用文献查阅和比较研究的方法，提出对商业秘密界定的三要素，即秘密性、价值性和管理性，同时分析了三性的含义；阐述了竞业禁止的含义、特征、理论基础、其它国家竞业禁止制度的发展、竞业禁止的分类、竞业禁止与相关概念的区别、竞业禁止制度调整的权利冲突；通过分析，提出法定竞业禁止的义务主体应有条件的包括股东、雇员和监事；法律应明确法定竞业禁止义务的内容；对约定竞业禁止协议的效力确定标准，提出竞业禁止协议的合法性条件、合理性条件和影响竞业禁止协议效力的因素；结合我国立法对竞业禁止制度的具体规定，探讨了其存在的问题并提出了完善建议，以期能较全面和准确地把握我国的竞业禁止制度，并对我国的立法完善和司法实践有所助益。

Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly;(2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C;(3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best;(4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication;(5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.

通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

The second part was to test the appearance, ingredient analysis, surface potential, thermal conduction properties, and magnetism of the nano composite fluid prepared from the parameters. The experiment found that unoxidized particles, Ag, Cu, Fe, and Ni appeared round. If combined with oxygen in water as oxides, the nano particles would grow toward certain directions. In copper/iron nano composite fluid, FeO appeared cubic, Cu2O appeared coniferous. In silver/iron nano composite fluid, FeO was polygonal. In dielectric potential detection, the nano composite fluid was likely to aggregate and deposit, except for silver/iron set. In other sets, the pH of silver/cobalt nano composite fluid was 7, surface potential was 21.21mV; the pH for silver/nickel nano composite fluid was 6.5, surface potential was 21.04mV; the pH for copper/iron nano composite fluid was 7, surface potential was -30mV. The fluid particles of the three sets could all maintain suspension of 2 weeks or more. For thermal conduction, the silver/nickel, nano composite fluid showed the best thermal conduction. Under temperature of 30℃ fluid weight conduction of 0.4%, the thermal conduction increase was 26%. For magnetic detection, except for silver/iron nano composite fluid, the nano particles of other three sets were paramagnetic, and all four sets were soft magnetic nano composite materials.

第二部分。将由较佳制备参数所产出的奈米复合流体，进行形貌外观、成分分析、表面电位及热传导性质实验与磁性检测；在奈米颗粒的形貌部分，经实验发现Ag、Cu、Fe、Ni等未氧化的颗粒皆呈现近似圆形，而若与水中的氧结合形成氧化物，奈米颗粒则会朝特定方向成长，在铜/铁奈米复合流体中FeO为四方体结构、Cu2O的颗粒是针叶状，在银/铁奈米复合流体中FeO则为多边形结构；而介面电位检测方面，结果显示经本制程所产出的奈米复合流体除银/铁奈米复合流体这一组较容易聚集沉淀外，其他三组中银/钴奈米复合流体的pH值为7，表面电位为21.21mV，银/镍奈米复合流体的pH值6.5表面电位为21.04mV而铜/铁奈米复合流体的pH值为7时表面电位约在-30mV，且此三组流体颗粒皆能维持悬浮性2周以上，悬浮性较佳；热传导实验部分，四组奈米复合流体中以银/镍奈米复合流体在增进热传上效果最佳，在温度30℃及流体重量浓度0.4﹪条件下热传导系数增进达26﹪；磁检测方面，除了银/铁奈米复合流体外，其他三组奈米颗粒皆属顺磁性，且这四组奈米复合材料都是属软磁性。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新