绒毛膜内层

Results: IL-8 protein was located in the epithelium of viii. The expression of IL-8 was significantly increased in RSA group than that in the control group. Positive IL-8 cells was shown in decidua of RSA group, and its IL-8 level was higher than that in the control group. By hematoxylin-eosin staining. trophoblastic layer was found to get thinner, cells of trophoblastic layer denatured or necrotized, and turned acidophily, and the fibration of villous axis increased in RSA; decidual cells lost connection, a part of decidual cells appeared cytoclasis and turned more acidophilic, and nuclei disappeared in RSA.

结果：在绒毛组织中，IL-8蛋白定位于绒毛上皮细胞的细胞质内，且病例组的表达明显高于对照组；在蜕膜组织中；病例组蜕膜细胞的胞质内可见IL-8蛋白表达，且高于对照组；H-E染色可见病例组绒毛组织的滋养层变薄，细胞变性甚至坏死、嗜酸性增强，绒毛中轴纤维化程度增强；蜕膜组织中蜕膜细胞失去细胞间连接，部分蜕膜细胞解体、核消失。

From the early study of the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia people have found its association with immunological function . In 1986 Ellis et al[1] had found that the extravillous chorionic cytotrophoblast contacting with the maternal tissue expressed high levels of Human leukocyte antigen-G, a major histocompatibility tissue-specific antigen . Extravillous chorionic cytotrophoblast with high levels expression of HLA-G proteins can invade the maternal deciduas and the maternal spiral arteries by displacing the endothelial lining and destroying most of the musculoelastic tissue of these arteries .

早期研究开始，许多学者即发现其与免疫学有密切关系，至1986年Ellis等[1]发现人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen，HLA) G分子高度表达在绒毛外滋养层细胞( extravillous cytotrophoblast，EVCT)上，即浸润至子宫蜕膜层甚至达子宫浅肌层以及子宫螺旋动脉内皮层，与母血及子宫组织直接接触的滋养细胞，这种独特的组织分布提示HLA-G分子在母胎免疫耐受方面起重要作用。

The location and structures of sex-pheromone-producing gland in female H.insularis were studied by EAG,GC,SEM,and TEM.These studies showed that thegland situate in the intersegmental membrane between the eighth and ninthabdominal segments,and is an eversible abdominal fold;Many plump cones disturbon the surface of the gland.The glandular cells of 2-day old virgin female H.insularis are arranged in one layer,among which the central cells are columnarepithelial cells and flat on two sides.The nucleus is irregular elliptical.There isevident conjugation between cells and the involution is more in the basal membraneof cell.Microvilli are distributed on the cytoplasmic membrane and linked withendocuticle on which there are many layers of chitin,and the outer cuticule is staineddeeper.The cell contains bubbles,mitochondria,glycogen deposits,roughendoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

结合触角电位、毛细管气相色谱、扫描电镜、透视电镜等技术对小线角木蠹蛾雌蛾腹尖末端不同组织部位提取物的测定分析以及腺体位置和形态结构的观察发现：小线角木蠹蛾性信息素分泌腺位于腹部末端8～9节之间，是一个由节间膜特化而成的上皮结构，为一可外翻的腹褶，腺体表面分布着饱满的锥形体，羽化后2天未交尾的雌蛾腺体细胞呈单层排列，腹面中央由密集的柱形上皮细胞组成，细胞排列向两侧延伸至背部，其形状由柱形逐渐变为扁平形，细胞核为椭圆形，细胞与细胞间有明显的胞连接，细胞基底膜基褶较多，质膜上分布着微绒毛，并与内表皮连接，内表皮上有多层几丁质，外角质层染色较深，细胞质中含有空泡、线粒体、脂质粒、粗面内质网和光面内质网。

Results : After intervention of MRS, the treated group;the structure of free villi was clear, intra-axial capillary was not congistid, vascular wall was intact, villi area and intervillous space area compared with control group, the difference was significant(p.01).interspace area was smaller than blank group, but without significance.

结果：经黄芪丹参复方成分干预后，治疗组游离绒毛结构清晰，中轴内毛细血管未见充血，管壁较完整，绒毛面积及绒毛间隙面积与模型组相比，差异显著(P.01)，间隙面积比空白组略小，但无统计学意义；底蜕膜层结构清晰，血管数目较多。

In rat esophagus, the positive varicosities and fibres could be observed in the circular muscle layer and the muscularis mucosae layer at 21st day before birth. With the development of rat digestive tract, neurokinin A-immunoreactivity positive nerves could be observed gradually in the epithelium, submucosa, longitudinal muscle layer, myenteric plexus and submucosal plexes, while mature nerve fibres could be seen at one month after birth. 2. In rat stomach, the positive reaction of NKA initially happened in the myenteric plexus at the 14th day of embryo, and then appeared on circular muscles, longitudinal muscles, submucosal, muscularis mucosae, lamina propria and epithelium. 30 days after birth, expression of NKA is same as seen in adaulthood. 3. In rat small intestinal, the NKA-IR could first be found in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum at 14th , 15th and 17th day before birth respectively. Then the NKA-IR occurred in the longitudinal muscle layer, circular muscle layer, intestinal villus, intestinal gland, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, submucosal plexes, mucosa plexus and deep muscular plexus.

结果 1、在食管，于胚胎21天的粘膜肌层和环肌层内观察到神经激肽A免疫阳性膨体纤维，出生后，随幼鼠的生长发育，相继在上皮，粘膜下层，纵肌层、肌间丛、粘膜下丛有NKA-IR表达，30天时已和成年鼠相似；2、在胃，首先于胚胎14天的肌间丛出现NKA-IR的表达，随发育相继在环肌、纵肌，粘膜下层、粘膜肌、固有膜及上皮内出现NKA-IR的表达，30天时具备成年鼠的分布特征；3、在小肠，分别于胚胎14、15、17天的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的肌间丛处出现NKA-IR的表达，随发育相继出现在纵肌、环肌、绒毛、小肠腺周、粘膜肌、粘膜下层、粘膜下丛、粘膜丛、深肌丛。

The injured gill cells had a different ultrastructure, with endoplasmic reticulum dilated and vesiculated, mitochondrial cristaes partially disintegrated, gill fibre cuticles denatured and dropped. The ultrastructural damages to hepatopancreatic cells were characterized by the decrease of microvilli, swelling and breaking up of mitochondria, expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, disruption and vacuolization of nucleus, tumefaction of nuclear membrane and increase of lipid droplets. As for the toxicological changes of myocardial cells, the mitochondria were swelling, having a lot of vacuolus and disintegrating, while the myofibrils were irregular with endoplasmic reticulum dissolved.

鳃细胞的损害表现为鳃丝水肿，细胞器溶解，角质层变薄，线粒体、内质网的肿胀、解体；肝胰脏细胞的主要损害特征为肝管微绒毛减少，线粒体水肿解体，内质网扩张，细胞核空泡化，核膜水肿和脂肪滴增加；心脏细胞的毒理变化为线粒体内嵴肿胀、瓦解，肌原纤维不规则，内质网溶解。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！