经验论的

This paper inquires into this origin and Einstein's new developments and creations from five aspects, i.e. moderate empiricism, foundational conventionalism, holism of meaning, scientific rationalism and programmatic realism.

本文从爱因斯坦的暖和经验论、基础约定论、意义整体论、科学理性论、纲领实在论五个方面探讨了这种渊源关系和爱因斯坦本人的新的拓展和创造。

Of these, objectivismrepresents the traditional and experientialism representscontemporary positions of cognitive science.

其中，客观论代表传统认知科学的立场，而经验论代表当代认知科学的立场。

In terms of the history of moral science, it was the logic development of hedonism of ancient Greek, modem Britain experientialism and french materialism of the 18th century.

从伦理学史上讲，是古希腊快乐论、近代英国经验论和18世纪法国唯物主义等思想发展的逻辑结论。

This theory has such features as follows: The thinking fashion of existence,the essential element of Interest Centre Theory,philosophical tendency of Naturalism and studying way of experimentalism description.

其价值兴趣论具有以下特征：生存论的思维方式，兴趣中心的理论主旨，自然主义的哲学倾向和经验描述的研究方法

Mentalist stated that language and thought were the same thing.

有关语言与思维的早期观点主要为相互对立的两种理论，即心灵论与经验论。

There two positions,known as nativism and empiricism,are the leading theoretical approaches to answering this controversial question about cognitive development.

对这个争议性的话题，认知发展方面主要有两个理论：先天论和经验论。

Whether the law is regarded as an experience or a logic, it indicates the essence of law, determines the method of study, and explains the veracity to know law. presumption of fault is not only an experience from legal practice, but the result of deduction, therefore, it has foundation in reality.

对于过错推定来说，它既是一种来自法律实践的经验，同时也是一种法律逻辑推理的结果，因此，无论从经验论来看还是从逻辑论来说，过错推定都有着在现实中运用的根据。

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的"现象学阶段"可以被视为他关于"心理学的哲学"的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将"原子命题"解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于"原子命题"之所是的正面解说），维氏的"现象学阶段"乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的"逻辑原子主义"之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的"现象学"观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于"不可说性"与"可说性"的二分法。

The author would further argue for the theses listed below:(1) Wittgenstein's"phenomenological period"could be regarded as the beginning of his lasting interest in"the philosophy of psychology"into the end of his life, whereas the interest of this kind didn't appear obviously in Tractatus;(2) By interpreting the"atomic propositions"as the simplest description of the data instead of avoiding illustrating what it is as Tractatus did, Wittgenstein's "phenomenological period"does show us an amazing affinity between his own standpoint at that time and that of the Russellian logical atomism, which is surely under the influence of the empiricist tradition;(3) Wittgenstein's critique of his phenomenology, however, revives the celebrated Tractarian dichotomy between"unspeakablity"and"speakablity"in a new context by denying any attempt to employ any linguistic tool to designate or describe the absoluteness of the data which could be only"shown".

本文所试图论证的要点可以被概括为：(1)维氏的&现象学阶段&可以被视为他关于&心理学的哲学&的长期学术兴趣的发端点——这一兴趣一直延续到他生命的终点，却并未体现于其早年作品《逻辑哲学论》之中；(2)通过将&原子命题&解释为对于感觉予料的最简单的描述（而不是像《逻辑哲学论》那样回避对于&原子命题&之所是的正面解说），维氏的&现象学阶段&乃是向我们展现了他该时期的哲学立场与罗素的经验论版本的&逻辑原子主义&之间的令人惊讶的亲缘关系；(3)通过否认任何试图用语言手段来标示或描述予料的企图，并通过对于予料自身的绝对性的展示，维氏对于他自己的&现象学&观念的批判实际上乃是复活了他在《逻辑哲学论》时代就已作出的对于&不可说性&与&可说性&的二分法。

J*F*Herbart's theory of apperception , J*Dewey's theory of experience and C*R*Rogers' theory of ego once promoted the development of instruction theory, but in the new century, there should be the new growing point for the development of the modern instructional theory.

赫尔巴特的统觉论、杜威的经验论以及罗杰斯的自我论等都曾促进了教学论的发展。在新的世纪，现代教学论的发展需要寻找新的生长点。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。