经验论

The article summarizied the following items,those are juggle with concepts, the errors of the major premise , the testimony of ontology, the Hegelistic academic concept, the revised empiricism , the terrific resemblance , the uncalculated sopyistry and the concept of pracmatical truth,etc.

本文梳理了当代学术中常见的八种逻辑硬伤，即"偷换概念"的"能指游戏"；大前提的错误；"本体论的证明"；"三段论"学术史观；变质的经验论；可怕的相似律；无法量化的诡辩；实用主义的真理观。

It regards universal validity as objective validity. It is quite valuable that the commonality of knowledge is emerged. However, the problem of the objective validity of knowledge has not been solved reasonably because of its stand of transcendental philosophy.

作为传统认识论典范的康德哲学企图把经验论和唯理论最深刻的洞见结合起来，把普遍有效性规定为客观有效性，凸显了知识的公共性，极具深刻之处，但囿于先验哲学的立场，也未能合理地解决知识的客观有效性问题。

Various schools of antirealism can be summarized as Kuhn thought mainly emphasizing the model function,Feyerabend's"anarchism"methodology, the Larry Laodan's instrumentalism and Van Frraasen's constructive empiricism and so on.

概括各种反科学实在论，主要有以强调范式作用的库恩思想、费耶阿本德的&无政府主义&方法论、劳丹的工具主义和范·弗拉森的建构经验论等。

Chapter FOUR examines the following questions:the concept"arche"in pre-Socraticphilosophy,Plato's"Idea",Aristotle's"Metaphysics",the question of"substance"and"ontologicalargument of the existence of God"in Godfather's philosophy and Scholasticism.

第五章主要考察经验论和唯理论哲学中的&实体&问题及其内在矛盾，休谟和康德对&本体论&的诘难，黑格尔哲学的&本体论&性质，以及&本体论&在现代西方哲学中的遭遇。

Historically, a cornerstone of classical empiricism has been the notion that every true generalization must be confirmable by specific observations.

历史上，经典经验论立基于此一观念之上：每个真实的归纳命题必须能被个别观察所证实。

In his article, Engels denounced their extreme distain of reason and their surrender to superstition and empiricism.

恩格斯痛斥他们极端蔑视理性思维，痛斥他们成了鬼神迷信的牺牲品，经验论的牺牲品。

Prajna Esthetics stimulated, promoted and perfected the structure criterion and mechanism of Chinese Esthetics with its unique and various significance, particular and stretch elucidatory capacity.Moreover Prajna sutra as a special cultural carrier upgraded the broad-mind and transcendence of Chinese Esthetics with its interpretation and impelling power. The "being noumenon or function" of Madhyamika Prajna System transformed the systematical structure and practical mode of Chinese Esthetics into a "being thing or midst" and amalgamation visdothlw. On inheriting tradition vim of thinking much of life and intensifying Enlightenment interest with "Sacute vimutti", esthetical visdotblw conducted, and life visdotblw appreciated. And Chinese Esthetics made for an esthetical self-conscious era.

般若美学蕴涵的别致、丰富和阐释功能的独特、富有张力，极大地刺激、推动和完善了中国美学的价值结构与机制；作为特殊的文化载体，般若经之传译及佛法僧所具的强大文化感召力，使中国美学基于&生生&之悟更添旷达与超跋；而中观般若体系的&体用一如&，则把中国美学的体系构成与践行方式，转换到了&即物即中&、圆融观照的经验论美学状态，在绵延传统&重生&活力的同时，又以&空性&解脱强化&觉悟&意趣，审美境界人生化，人生境界审美化，在&重观重智&、&智观统一&的理论旨趣中，中国美学走向了追求心性空灵的审美自慌时代。

Consider a mind constructed according to the principles of classical empiricism, a Humean mind.

我们来考察一下根据经典经验论构造出的休谟式心灵。

It has an important theoretic value and practical meaning to further investigate the production of empiricism and rationalism, the essential distinction between the two and the one sidedness, progressive character of the two respectively a nd their inspiration action on the dev...

进一步探讨经验论和唯理论的产生，它们的本质区别与各自的片面性、进步性以及对人类认识发展的启发作用，具有重要的理论价值和重大的实践意义。

Empiricists and rationalists researched the problem from different points, consisting in difference and opposition.

围绕这个问题，经验论和唯理论哲学家们分别从不同的角度对之进行了研究。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。