经验主义

The concept of essence derived from Aristotle can be understood as both ideaistic essence and empirical one. But the notion of ideaistic essence has to face seemingly unsurmountable difficulty in epistemology. Furthermore, the idea of ideaistic essence of law is always related to dogmatism and absolutism, which impedes greatly the exploration of law in depth, but a denial of the concept of essence of law is also unadvisable.

摘要］：亚里士多德的本质概念一开始就显示出理念主义和经验主义本质观的区别，理念主义本质观在认识论上具有不可克服的缺陷，而理念主义的法本质观则很容易导致擅断论和绝对主义，从而妨碍了对法律认识的不断深入，但是对法的本质采取虚无主义的态度又是完全不可取的。

In this process, Toulmin's work ahead of the mainstream of philosophy of science occupied an important place in forerunning the course and the basis of the transformation.

作为这个学派的理论标志的范式概念，一方面在袭剿逻辑经验主义存在的问题上似乎绩效显著，一方面由于引入心理与社会因素涉嫌&借毒&于非理性主义而饱受责难。

Nelson,"International Political Economy: A Tale of Two Heterodoxies," British Journal of Europe and International Relations, Vol.3,No.

美国国际政治经济学以实证主义和经验主义为两大根本特点，从而与英国及欧洲的国际政治经济学拉开了距离。

Indeed, he criticizes traditional empiricism for naively dictating that all judgments be legitimized by experience, instead of realizing that many different forms of intuition underlie our judgments and our reasoning processes.

事实上，他批判传统的经验主义论，因为其天真地认为所有的判断是经验的结果，而没有意识到不同形式的直觉是我们判断和思考的基础。

His radical empiricism reinterprets experience, maintaining that human primordial life experiences have by nature a religious dimension.

他的彻底经验主义哲学重新解释了经验，揭示人们最原始的生活经验本身具有宗教性质。

Undoubtedly, William James's radical empiricism provides a foundation of theory for the American secularized religion.

詹姆斯的彻底经验主义，无疑为美国世俗化的宗教提供了理论依据。

In choosing the judging criteria,he/she should take into account the nation and region that the litigants belong to,properly borrow the criteria held by the empiricists and the mentalists as well,and consider both the public's feeling and the experts'comments.

在判断标准的选择上，法官应考虑当事人所属的民族与地域，适当借鉴经验主义标准与唯心主义标准，顾及普通人的感受与专家的评判。

In the end, we summarize the thought features of post-experientialism philosophy of social science, and conclude the main object, which include breaking the unity of science of positivism, the wholism of science method, and overturn the authority of science. In fact, the post-experientialists look the science as society, history, culture, system, organization, and they are in the same position.

最后对后经验主义社会科学哲学的思想特征作出了总结，分析了其主要目标就是要打破实证主义的科学统一观、科学方法的整体论观念，推翻自然科学具有权威性和普遍有效的解释与预测功能等信仰，事实上也就是要祛除实证主义的科学神化观，转而将科学的理性和逻辑，看作与科学的社会、历史、文化、制度、组织等外在因素具有同等的地位。

The progression of ideas that led to the post-Renaissance development of empirical science allowed psychology to assume its present diverse form.

引起后文艺复兴时期经验主义科学发展的那些观念的进展，使得心理学呈现出目前的多样化。

There was no uniform Sophists philosophy, but they tended to reallism and empiricism,in contrast to those who saw life governed by an intrinsic ideal.

相比于认为生命由内在理念所决定的哲学家，智者派没有什么正式的哲学，但是他们倾向于现实主义和经验主义。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了