经验主义

Although he published two books, the Theodicy (arguing, against Pierre Bayle, that religious belief in a benign Providence is rational) and the New Essays ( a point-by-point critique of the empiricism of Locke's Essay) much of his philosophy has to be reconstructed from his correspondence, from articles in the Journal des Savants and his own journal, the Acta Eruditorum, and from unpublished manuscripts.

虽然他出版的两本书的神义论（皮埃尔培尔为由反对，在一个良性的普罗维登斯宗教信仰理性）和新散文（1点，一定要按照的是洛克的经验主义散文点多，他的批判哲学）重建从他的信件，从学者杂志的文章和他自己的会刊学报Eruditorum，以及未发表的手稿。

The Thomist tradition -- continuing after him the struggle against empiricism and positivism on the one side and, on the other, against rationalism carried to the extreme of monism -- has always defended the same position.

该thomist传统-继续他的斗争经验主义和实证主义问题的一个方面，另一方面，对理性主义进行了极端的一元论-始终捍卫了同样的立场。

The empirical patterns point at the role of monetary policy within the macroeconomic policy trilemma.

经验主义的样式在宏观经济政策trilemma之内指向货币政策的角色。

There are two sources of rhetoric and meaning that have been underutilized in copyright legislation, one empirical and one constitutional.

两种来源在著作权立法中未得到充分利用，一种是经验主义，一种是宪法主义。

It comes upas a new kind of management theories after the theories of experience management,science management and behavior management. The culture in a corporate is created,shared, identified and developed by the firms total members. Corporate culture showsconcretely as leading idea and behavior mode in a moderin enterprise.

企业文化是在现代化大生产和市场经济发展基础上形成和发展起来的一种管理思想和理论，它是在经验主义管理、科学管理和行为科学管理的基础上逐步产生的、最新的管理理论。

Sometimes the seat-of-the-pants method still works: his gut reaction over Georgia—to warn Russia off immediately—was the right one.

不过有时候经验主义的工作方式还是奏效的：他在格鲁吉亚战争中警告俄罗斯立即撤军的本能反应就是正确的。

The combination of social and political criticisms of science and Westernism and the emergence of a theoretically powerful empirically grounded social analysis of

科学的社会和政治批判的结合以及以理论为基础的强有力的经验主义的科学和技术的社会分析助燃了文化和科学大战。

Darwin's scientific method was also disputed, with his proponents favouring the empiricism of John Stuart Mill's A System of Logic, while opponents held to the idealist school of William Whewell's Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, in which investigation could begin with the intuitive truth that species were fixed objects created by design.

达尔文的科学方法也是有争议的，他的支持者赞成约翰·斯图亚特·密尔《逻辑体系》的经验主义；而他的反对者支持威廉·休厄尔《归纳技巧的哲学》的唯心主义学派，这一学派认为研究可以首先从物种是依设计被创造的、固定的东西这一直观事实出发。

The tremendous advances of the empirical disciplines, which culminated in the nineteenth century, led to the articulation of the formal study of psychology in the 1870s by Wundt and Brentano.

经验主义学科的极大发展（19世纪达到顶峰），明确了19世纪70年代由冯特和布伦塔诺对心理学进行的正式研究。

Above all, Husserl, Heidegger and Gadamer all address in the internal perspective of the confirmable knowledge, while philosophy of logic empiricism and holistic analysis do it in the external perspective No.

如果说从胡塞尔到海德格尔再到伽达默尔是从内在的视角探讨知识的确定性的话，那么，四、逻辑经验主义以及整个分析哲学所采取的则是外在的视角来探讨知识确定性的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。