经验主义

James'philosophy has experienced temperament, but he thought the way of thinking of the traditional empiricism (such as associationism and atomism) is rationalist. It has lots of obstacles when it expresses the developing, changing, true experienced state for its character such as mechanical, discontinuous, simple, uncertain and so on.

詹姆士的哲学具有经验主义的气质，但他认为，传统经验主义（这里主要指联想主义和原子主义）的分析方法是理性主义的，它赋予思想以机械性、不连续性、简单性、确定性等特点，这些特点所带来的麻烦是表达不断发展、变化的、真实的经验状态的障碍。3。

Empiricist aesthetics is epistemology-aesthetics, which is the direct application of epistemology and methodology of empiricist philosophy.

经验主义美学是认识论美学，它直接就是对经验主义哲学认识论和方法论的应用。

The rationalized experientialism resulted from the experientially aesthetic trend in England and the rationalism in the French enlightening period.

18世纪英国经验主义美学思潮在对本国新古典主义渗透的同时，也在受到法国启蒙时代理性主义的撞击，因而出现了理性化的经验主义，其主要代表便是夏夫兹博里和哈奇生。

Secondly, philosophy of science is during interim, and it faces reproach which empiricism meets with, argument of determinism and indeterminism, and controversy of view on causality. The philosophy of science of Suppes just solves the questions in some sense in a kind of idea and way, and exceeds logical empiricism and 'postempiricism' to open up a new way for philosophy of science.

第二，科学哲学处于过渡时期，面对经验主义所遭受的非议、决定论与非决定论之争以及因果论的争议，苏佩斯的科学哲学以一种全新的思想和方法对这些问题做了某种程度的解决，并超越逻辑经验主义和"后经验主义"，为科学哲学另辟新径。

The principle of confirmation is the foundation stone of the theory of the logocal empiricism and the confirmation about similar proposition or heterogeneous proposition is the major difference between "the Raren Paradox" and logical empiricism.

证实原则是逻辑经验主义的理论基石，对同类命题还是异类命题的证实是"乌鸦悖论"与逻辑经验主义的主要区别。

Although pragmatism initiated by James has some of the characteristics of modern philosophy, it is after all empiricism colored by psychologism, in other words, it is monistic radical empiricism.

詹姆斯所确立的实用主义观念，虽具有现代哲学的某些特点，但最终仍是具有心理主义特征的经验主义，这就是所谓的一元论的彻底经验主义。

However, the view that the meaning could be certain can find its refuge in the theories of logical positivism.Quine, who knew logical positivism very well, made an expert and rigorous attack upon its vital points. As a result, the "criteria of synonymity" and the "reduction" were collapsed.

但意义确定论却能在逻辑经验主义中找到避难所，深谙逻辑经验主义的奎因自然直接把矛头指向了这座意义确定论最大堡垒的要害，对其"意义证实论"和"同义性标准"等理论发起了既内行又猛烈的攻击。

The Enlightenment trend made three inclinations come into being, such as the empiricism, the rationalism and the ethic of sensibility. Because of the three inclinations, the Enlightenment trend had three types of modes. In England where the empiricism prevailed, the narrative literature which emphasizes realism came into being. In France where the rationalism prevailed, the argumental literature which emphasizes thinking came into being. And in the influence of the ethic of sensibility, different kinds of lyric literature came into being.

启蒙主义包括经验主义、理性主义和情感伦理这三个方向，它影响启蒙主义文学形成了三种基本的书写模式：在经验主义盛行的英国，产生了重写实的叙事型文学；在理性主义盛行的法国，产生了重思考的议论型文学；而在情感伦理的影响下，则产生了不同形式的抒情型文学。

It concludes that Quine's philosophy has notescaped the captivity of scientism,however,he tried to integrate pragmatism andlogical positivism.As a result,Quine made logical positivism turn from anarrow and rigid empiricism to a pragmatistic one.The pragmatistic positivismwas soon accepted by many philosophers and preluded to new pragmatism.

认为，尽管蒯因哲学在科学认识论问题上尚未完全脱离科学主义的囚禁，但他在语言哲学的理论框架下把实用主义与逻辑实证主义结合到一起，使逻辑实证主义从一种过于狭隘、过于僵硬的经验主义过渡到一种实用主义的、约定论的经验主义，这种实用主义化了的逻辑实证主义很快为人们接受并成为新实用主义兴起的序幕

This part is key. It expounds how James sublates the traditional philosophy and develops his new philosophy by experienced flux and the pragmatic method. These paper here claims that Radical Empiricism is not only a core of James'theory, but also it can avoid the difficulty produced by discontinuous theory and make the opportunity of the absolute theory no longer exist.

本部分是全文的重点，主要阐释的是詹姆士如何运用经验流理论和实用主义方法扬弃传统哲学并创建新哲学的；从而证明了彻底经验主义是詹姆士哲学思想的核心，只有彻底经验主义才能避免不连续理论所带来的尴尬，及某些思想家另外创建虚幻的&绝对&等实体的契机。1。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了