经营成本

Bob has been in the forefront of transportation operating practices and procedures, having had hands on experience with every phase of rail operations, intermodal, port operation on dock, near dock and drayage, train dispatching from non-signaled train order territory through computer assisted traffic control mainline· His 30 years of experience span the period from the rigidly regulated practices of the late 1960's encumbered with volumes of paperwork through the deregulated virtually paperless environment that gave rise to multi-modal deregulated shipping alternatives to create market demand and augment many manufacturing entity efforts through vastly improved efficiency procedures to dramatically reduce costs and improve service

吉农先生一直站在运输经营和程序业的前沿，并有各项铁路业务，联运，在港口经营码头及码头附近区域，对复式列车调度的全港电脑辅助交通控制等方面的工作经验。他30多年的工作，经历了由六十年代后期的大量传统办公方式到现在的无纸化办公，这都使其得以运用多种航运调节办法，创造市场需求，通过大幅度提高效率大大降低成本和提高服务。

Over the years the business expanded rapidly, a good commercial reputation, operating an extensive network management experience of mature, competition in the market growing on its own strength, with operating scale, functional diversification and internationalization strategies, minimize transportation costs, improve work efficiency, delivering quality service to customers with a new image, based on the international cargo market.

多年来业务拓展迅速，商业信誉良好，经营网络广泛，管理经验成熟，在市场竞争中不断壮大自身的实力，以经营规模化、功能多元化和国际化的战略，最大限度地降低运输成本，提高工作效率，为客户提供优质服务，以崭新的形象，立足于国际货运市场。

In the model, by assigning the licensed agreement, the government grants the license of the infrastructure project to the Project Company, the Project Company monopolizes the building and operation of the gray-headed apartment in the administrative district of the government, and the Project Company takes charge of the designing, financing, building and operation in the license term, and compensates the cost, repays the debt, gets the profit.

在融资模型中，政府授予项目公司特许经营权，特许项目公司在政府行政管辖的区域内建设并垄断经营老年公寓项目，项目公司在特许期内负责老年公寓项目的设计、融资、建设和运营，并从中回收成本、偿还债务、获取利润，特许经营期结束后项目公司将老年公寓所有权移交给政府。

Logistics runs throughout the whole process of operation activities, so the links and communications between logistics cycle and store's internal operation cycle are directly affecting enterprises' response speed to customers and market, as well as costs and efficiency.

物流贯穿经营业务活动的全过程，物流环节与商店内部经营环节的衔接及协调状况，直接影响企业对市场和顾客的反应速度，影响企业的成本与效率。

On the basis of an analysis of the present profile of automobile consumer credit in China,a discussion is done on the meaning of its development. This thesis introduces the development of the market of automobile consumer credit overseas, and finds out the reasons why overseas automobile consumer credit leads to the successful development of automobile industry. It also analyses the causes of the slump in the market of automobile consumer credit in the country in aspects of influential elements such as economy,policies,society,consumption norms and so on. It has a deep discussion on some obvious problems in this field. For example,the market of automobile consumer credit is of no scale; the prices of automobiles are high; taxes are heavy and expenses are too much; average residents still have low income and no definite balance between income and predicted expenses; there is no perfect social credit system and individual credit system; there is not enough awareness of credit among the public. Taking theories in the area of industrial economics into consideration,it proposes basic measures of promoting the development of consumer credit in China: building up a credited society,a perfect and sound personal credit system.With credit database as the platform,all parties will be able to share information,improve the credit database,relevant regulations and laws as well as a risk warning system,thus operation and management of the operating entities will be improved,the cost of the practice of consumer credit will be reduced; strengthen the innovation of present financial system,develop financial products corresponding to different groups of customers,improve services,perfect the mode of "bank+insurance+automobile agents",make full use of the interne,adopt the practice of turning credit into securities.

本文在我国现阶段汽车消费信贷现状分析的基础上，对大力发展汽车消费信贷的意义进行了讨论；通过分析国外汽车消费信贷市场的发展概况，解析出国外汽车消费信贷促进汽车产业发展成功的原因；从影响汽车消费信贷市场发展的有关因素如经济环境、政策环境、社会环境和消费习惯等方面分析了我国汽车消费信贷市场现状低迷的症结所在；对中国汽车消费信贷市场的一些明显问题，如汽车消费市场尚未形成规模，汽车价格偏高，税费和使用费用负担沉重，相对较低的居民收入与预期收支不确定，社会信用体系尚未建立，个人信用制度缺失，公众信用意识淡薄等方面进行了深入探讨；立足于产业经济学理论，提出了构建信用社会，建立健全和完善个人信用体系，建立个人资信评估机构和登记制度，引入专业的资信中介机构，以信用数据库平台为基础，各方共享资源，组建客户信用数据平台，完善法规制度建设，建立健全汽车信贷消费的法律体系，建立风险预警机制，提高汽车消费信贷经营主体的经营管理水平，降低汽车信贷业务成本，加大金融制度创新的力度，开发适合不同消费群体的金融产品，提高服务质量，完善"银行+保险+汽车经销商"的汽车信贷模式，充分利用互联网、实行贷款证券化等促进我国汽车消费信贷发展的基本措施。

Competent commercial departments at all localities shall actively coordinate pertinent local departments for support small and medium circulation enterprises to promulgate tax and financial support policies related to pioneering work encouragement and supports given to small and medium circulation enterprises for business innovation, technical innovation and market exploration, reduce costs for the restructuring and reform of small and medium circulation enterprises, encourage the financing by means of income from operation of state-owned enterprises' assets, liquidity of commercial land, reduction of state-owned capital in circulation enterprises, transfer and financial allocation, in places where conditions permit, set up special funds for the reform of state-owned small and medium circulation enterprises which shall be used to pay the restructuring fee which is payable by and fails to be paid by restructured enterprises lacking strength to do so, and to pay the social insurance and economic compensation, the payment of which the cash after liquidity of assets of enterprises in bankruptcy is not sufficient to cover, actively coordinate with the local department for real estate administration for its support, solve problems on the ownership of commercial real estate which has been used for long by state-owned small and medium circulation enterprises, and earnestly implement the preferential policies of the State concerning the reemployment of laid-off workers by enterprises and concerning the establishment of small and medium enterprises by laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises.

各地商务主管部门要积极协调当地有关部门出台鼓励创业、支持中小流通企业经营创新、技术创新和开拓市场的税收政策和金融支持政策，降低中小流通企业的改革、改制成本。鼓励有条件的地方通过国有企业资产经营收益、商业用地变现、流通企业国有资本减持、转让以及财政拨付等方式筹措资金，建立国有中小流通企业改革的专项资金，用于无力支付改制费用企业的改制费用以及破产企业资产变现后不足支付职工社会保险、经济补偿等方面费用。要积极协调，争取地方房产管理部门的支持，解决国有中小流通企业长期使用的商业用房产权归属问题。要认真落实国家关于企业吸纳下岗职工就业和国有企业下岗职工创办中小企业的优惠政策。

However, attention should be paid to maintaining the connection between operating assets and the economic outcome from operating activities, which means that NOPAT should contain revenues and costs associated with assets which are part of NOA.

但是，我们应该注意保持在经营资产与从经营活动获得的经济成果之间的联系，也就是说，NOPAT应该包括与NOA部分资产有联系的收入与成本。

It can regularize all kinds of managements, reduce the service cost and enhance the quality of service by scientific methods of management and modernized management tools—computers and network application system.

服装连锁经营是这一传统商业模式中发展比较有代表性的一类，通过科学的管理方法和现代化的管理工具——计算机及其网络应用系统，能够规范经营中的各项管理、降低服务成本和提高服务质量。

On the basis of realizing the innovation of enterprises' management mechanism, adjust and optimize the structure of the cocoon and silk industry's distribution pattern, lead the raw material production and the original processing industry's shifting to the central and western regions from the eastern area according to the plan step by step, realize the silkworm industry's transformation to advantage areas, from disperse to intensify and keep appropriate scale; The combination between the western and eastern areas must have complementary advantages each other, the process ability, fund, technology, market and management in the east, combine with the cheap labor force and ihe abundant resource in the west, will form the industry chain of the close connection, step on the route of division of tabor on the basis of specialization, area overall arrangement, laige-scale production, industrialization management, develop high-quality-cocoon,top-grade-silk, refinement silk fabric, manufacture our country's cocoon and silk industry's key competitiveness together, form the scientific and reasonable, high-efficient and continuate industrial development pattern.

在实现企业经营机制创新的基础上，调整和优化茧丝绸产业布局结构，有计划、有步骤地引导茧丝绸原料生产与原料初加工工业由东部地区向中西部地区转移，实现蚕业生产由一般区域向优势蚕区的转移，由零星分散向适度规模、集约化方向转变；东西部强强联合，优势互补，东部的资金、技术、市场、管理、产后加工能力，与西部丰富的资源和劳动力成本低廉的优势相结合，形成紧密联结的产业链，走专业化分工、区域化布局、规模化生产、产业化经营、发展优质茧、高档丝、精品绸的路子，共同打造我国茧丝绸产业的核心竞争力，逐步形成科学合理、高效、可持续发展的产业格局。

Its are managed close to 0 cost, 0 investment, individuation for debus of Internet bar owner heavy heavy burden is carried, for the Internet bar effective resource conservation, advocate individuation to manage mode, make Internet bar fish dead the malign competition that the net defeats makes the history, more the Internet bar develops older and older brand.

其近乎零成本、零投入、个性化经营为网吧业主卸下沉重负担、为网吧有效节约资源、倡导个性化经营模式、让网吧鱼死网破的恶性竞争成为历史、更为网吧开拓越来越大的品牌空间。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。