经皮的

In recent years,research has involved percutaneous aortic valve replacement,percutaneous mitral valve reconstruction and even percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement after successful application of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in clinical practice.

除经皮二尖瓣分离术外，近年来还涉及经皮主动脉瓣替换、经皮二尖瓣修复以及经皮肺动脉瓣替换等领域，并取得了一定的成果，文章对此作一概述。

The endermic LD50 to rat and mouse were 926 mg/Kg and 1210 mg/Kg respectively. The results of subscute toxicity test in rats showed that the content of blood urea nitrogen in exposure groups was higher than that in control group, the histopathological changes of testis observed in exposure groups were obvious. Mutagenic tests including bacillus subtilis DNA rec-assay, micronucleus ...

其大、小鼠经皮LD_(50)分别为926mg/kg和1210mg/kg；大鼠90天经皮染毒，试验组BUN含量高于对照组，光镜下，试验组睾丸的组织学结构有明显改变；枯草杆菌DNA重组试验、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变分析试验均获得阳性结果。

Objective: To discuss the method of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy to set up the way of enteral nutrition.

目的：探讨经皮内镜胃造瘘术和经皮内镜小肠造瘘术建立肠内营养的方法。

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of auxiliary orientation by X ray with an oblique angle in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

目的探讨在经皮肾镜取石术中应用X线斜向辅助定位法建立经皮肾通道的可行性。

Methods: In this series,coronary heart disease was proven by clinic,electrocardiogram and selective coronary arteriography.Causes of 30 cases of PICAS were acute coronary occlusion in PTCA (2 cases),coronary arterial dissection (1 cases),preventing coronary arterial restenosis after PTCA (18 cases),coronary arterial restenosis after PTCA (4 cases) and acute myocardial infarction (5 cases).Thirty cases of SCAG were performed by Judkins method.

材料和方法：本组病例均经临床，心电图和选择性冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病。30例经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术的原因有经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术中发生急性冠状动脉闭塞2例，冠状动脉夹层1例，为防止PTCA术后再狭窄18例，PTCA术后再狭窄4例，急性心肌梗塞5例。30例SCAG均采用Judkins法。

objective to evaluate dsa and percutaneous transluminal renal arterioplasty for the treatment of renovascular hypertension.methods 82 suspected patients with renovascular hypertension were given dsa examination.28 patients were treated by means of ptra while another 5 cases with unilateral kidney atrophy treated surgically.results 49 patients were normal,33 patients were abnormal,28 patients were treated by means of ptra.blood pressure had got to normal in 10 patients while in 13 patients bp dropped noticeably after ptra.the overall benefit rate was 82.1%.conclusion dsa and ptra are clinically effective for the treatment of renovascular hypertension.ptra is technically successful.

目的 评价经皮腔内肾动脉成形术治疗肾血管性高血压的价值。方法 82例全部行dsa检查，肾血管狭窄者行ptra术或外科手术，观察其治疗效果。结果 82例患者行肾动脉造影后血管正常者49例，异常者33例，其中单侧肾萎缩5例行外科手术（肾动脉搭桥1例），肾动脉狭窄28例行经皮腔内肾动脉成形术（血管内支架5例），术后10例血压降至正常或基本正常，13例血压得到改善，5例无效，总有效率达82.1%。结论 dsa检查和ptra术在诊断和治疗肾血管性高血压方面有明显的临床价值。高血压，肾血管性；数字减影血管造影术；经皮腔内肾动脉成形术

Study on the Effect of Azone on Percutaneous Absorption of Clindamycin Hydrochloride in Cream;2. OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of three transdermal enhancers( azone ,isopropyl myristate,oleic acid) in vitro under the condition of iontophoresis with diclofenac sodium as the model drug.

方法选择聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙甲基纤维素为基质，制备了分别含有月桂氮酮、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和油酸的双氯芬酸钠经皮离子导入凝胶，采用改良Franz纵向释放池，以人体皮肤为透皮屏障，进行药物凝胶的离子导入经皮试验。

objective to evaluate the main points and complications of ct-guided percutaneous pneumocentesis in patients with lung lesions.methods cook 18～21g puncture needle was used to inserting aspiration in the optimal level,situs,angle and depth.and had made of multidrop.fifty-nine patients with lung lesions underwent ct-guided percutaneous pneumocentesis and follow-up.results the successful puncture rate was 100%,accurate diagnose rate was 92%(54/59).conclusion ct-guided pneumocentesis for chest lesion is a efficient and safe diagnostic method.but it is important to improve the doctor′s operating skill to lessen vascular complication.

目的 探讨ct引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术要点及并发症。方法采用cook公司18～21g自动弹射活检枪，选择最佳层面、进针点、进针角度和深度，行多点取材。回顾性分析59例肺内病变ct引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术。结果穿刺成功率100%，活检诊断准确率为92%（54/59）。3例发生轻度气胸，2例穿刺后咯血痰。结论 ct引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术成功率高，是安全的，但操作医生熟练的技术方法非常重要，并可以减少并发症的发生。

In the preformulation study, the ultraviolet spectrum and HPLC methods for the assay of α-asarone were established firstly and then the physicochemical properties, especially the octanol/water partition coefficient and the solubility in various solvent systems such as alcohol, PEG 400, IPM, octanol were examined. The prediction permeability was then compared with actual transdermal parameters obtained from the in-vitro diffusion study , and feasibility of drug transdermal absorption was then analyzed.

在制剂开发的处方前研究工作中，首先建立了α-细辛醚的紫外及HPLC分析方法，测定了药物的油水分配系数及在生理盐水、各系列浓度的乙醇、PEG400、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、正辛醇等溶媒中溶解度；其次，确立了药物体外经皮渗透研究的方法，并考察溶媒及促渗剂(乙醇、丙二醇、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯等)对药物体外经皮渗透性能的影响，计算药物经皮渗透的各参数，根据药物的药物动力学参数，分析了药物经皮吸收的可行性。

It was established that, the fish skin was stirred two times with 2.5% or 5% NaCl solution at a ratio of material to solvent of 1:10 at about 5℃ for 12h, about 5.9%, 6.7%, 9.1% soluble non-collagenous protein could been separated from skin of silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp, then by homogenizing with acid at a ratio of material to solvent of 1:30, about 78.9%, 84.1%, 82.0% of collagen from skin of silver carp, grass carp and bighead carp could be extracted by acetic acid or citric acid.

结果表明，鲢、鱅鱼皮经2.5％NaCl溶液(1：10)，草鱼鱼皮经5％NaCl溶液(1：10)，温度5℃左右，12h磁力搅拌处理二次，除去的可溶性蛋白分别占原总蛋白的5.9％、6.7％、9.1％。鱼皮再经加酸(1：30)溶胀、均质处理后，即可得到鱼皮胶原蛋白的粗提取液，鲢、草鱼鱼皮的酸提取回收率以醋酸为最高，分别为78.9％、84.1％，鱅鱼皮以柠檬酸为最高，约为82.0％。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。