经济的

The article discussed development loop economy is the essential requirement that scientific progress watchs, circular economy is a kind of brand-new economic progress mode, elaborated our country to develop the current situation of circular economy and countermeasure measure.

本文论述了发展循环经济是科学发展观的本质要求，循环经济是一种全新的经济发展模式，并阐述了我国发展循环经济的现状和对策措施。

This substitution of terms might be passed over if Say, after having explained what he calls political economy (which, however,is nothing else but cosmopolitical or world-wide economy, or economy of the whole human race), had acquainted us with the principles of the doctrine which he calls '閏onomie publique,'which however is, properly speaking, nothing else but the economy of given nations, or true political economy .

所谓"公共经济"，老实说，它的内容应当没有别的，只是属于某些指定国家的经济，也就是真正的政治经济；如果萨依在向我们说明他所说的政治经济是什么(实际上没有别的，只是世界主义的、世界范围的或属于全人类的经济)以后，使我们知道当他谈到一些学说的原则时他唤作"公共经济"的是什么，那么这种在名词上的代用，原也可以存而不论。

Thedevelopment of the fictitious economy has been a compelling phenomenon of thedevelopment of the global economy since 1980s. The fictionalization of economy andits influence has been the focus of the discussion in the economic

虚拟经济的发展是二十世纪八十年代以来，全球经济发展出现的引人注目的现象和新的特点，经济虚拟化及其对经济活动的影响也成为经济理论界讨论的热点话题。

The development of private economy is difficult and arduous, has experienced five stages :(1) In initial stage of state founded, the country implements the policy that utilizes, limits to private economy;(2)From the proposition of the general line of the transition period of 1953 to the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central committee of the CPC in 1978, generally speaking, although the understanding...

私营经济的发展艰难曲折，经历了五个阶段：(1)建国初期，国家对私营经济实行利用、限制的政策；(2)从1953年过渡时期的总路线的提出到1978年党的十一届三中全会，对私营经济的认识虽有反复，但总的来说是持改造、批判、否定态度；(3)从改革开放到党的十三大，私营经济处于默认发展的阶段；(4)从十三大到党的十五大，私营经济成为了公有制的有益的补充；(5)十五大以后，私营经济成为了社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。

Hereinto, the study of Multi-Agent simulation of economies based on the complex adaptive system theory is an important research branch of the complexity of economy.

首先，由于现实经济中涉及的因素众多，相互关系复杂，给数学方法的运用带来了一定困难；其次，传统方法没有很好地解决经济系统的层次性结构问题，因此，无法对不同层次的特性差异给予一个整体性的解释，也就产生了宏观、微观相互脱节的理论体系上的缺陷；再次，传统经济理论对现实经济普遍存在的信息不完备与不确定性尚不能给予系统的解释；最后，传统经济中以观测数据为基础的经验主义的研究方法，无法深入了解经济的微观运行过程，从而降低了理论对现实的解释与预测能力。

The course of this reformation of school-running system of Chinese higher education could be divided into four phrases: period of recovery, exploration, development and expansion which is a reflection of the transition of school-running system of Chinese higher education from singleness to variety. But there still appeared some unaccommodated problems in the causes of the reformation of school-running system, the main are: input channels are impaired; market mechanism is weaker in the reformation of school-running system; governmental functions exercised improper.

具体来看，一是由于经济体制改革的成效显著，我国经济呈现持续增长，对高等教育的需求及投入都相应有了大幅度的增加；二是非公有制经济的壮大为民办高等教育的产生和发展提供了物质基础；三是以服务地方为主的中心城市大学应我国区域经济发展的需求，首先出现在广东等省而后在全国众多中心城市掀起一股举办热潮，并获得了很好的发展；四是我国经济的对外开放和对外贸易额的增长将国外的教育资源引入了我国，中外合作办学呈现出快速发展的势头；五是知识经济的迅猛发展促使高等教育改变传统的办学模式，积极谋求自身的转变，提高办学的水平。

Economic globalization extended the capacity of world market, the development that is each country economy brings larger mobile space, offer more development opportunity, the characteristic that also makes world market risk increases revolution of; new science and technology to deciding structure of prospective world industry at the same time and the way that economy grows, for economy development provides new power and new field, also make the development of traditional industry faces greater pressure, competitive advantage tilts to the state that has capacity of advanced technique innovation further the structural adjustment of limits of; whole world will make area of world economy growth widens further, the shirt-sleeve rate of each country economy rises further, at the same time each country also do one's best holds vantage ground in new international division of labor.

经济全球化拓展了世界市场的容量，为各国经济的发展带来更大的活动空间，提供更多的发展机遇，同时也使世界市场风险加大；新科技革命决定着未来世界产业结构的特点和经济增长的方式，为经济发展提供新的动力和新的领域，也使传统产业的发展面临更大的压力，竞争的优势进一步向拥有先进技术创新能力的国家倾斜；全球范围的结构调整将使世界经济增长面进一步拓宽，各国经济的融合程度进一步提高，同时各国也力求在新的国际分工中占据有利地位。

This paper examines the problem of the export-oriented economy in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone from the following four aspects:1. The economy in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is the "openest"one in China. Neither the "open-type economy" nor the "double-direction economy" can be the ultimate aim-model for SEZ economy to acquire further "openness" towards the outside world;2. The target market of the export-oriented economy should be the international markets; and its basic characteristic is the free trans...

本文从四个方面对深圳特区发展外向型经济的问题进行了探讨：一、深圳特区是我国开放程度最高的外向型经济，&开放型&、&双向型&都不能成为特区经济进一步对外开放的目标模式；二、所谓外向型经济，是以国际市场为目标市场，以资本、企业、人才等在国际间的自由交往为基本特征；三、深圳特区发展外向型经济的客观依据；四、实现外向型经济所应采取的基本对策。

Based on the study of scholars at home and abroad and from the point of theoretical and empirical study, this paper analyses the impact of foreign trade and FDI over China's business cycle using many econometric methods such as Unit Root Test, Co-integration Tests, Granger Test, Pulse-response Function and variance decomposition based on VAR model and draws the conclusion as follows:Firstly,there is a close relationship among foreign trade, FDI and business cycle. Foreign trade and FDI are the important transmission channel of the economic cycle. Secondly, the impact to economic fluctuation from foreign trade is greater than that of FDI. Thirdly, In the long time, there is fine interactive circulation among foreign trade, FDI and economic growth. When the short-term deviation from equilibrium happens, there is a self-balanced mechanism in the system.Fourthly,the active effect outweighs the negative effect which the foreign trade and FDI brings.

本文在国内外学者研究成果的基础上，从理论和实证两个方面，运用单位根检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、基于VAR模型的脉冲响应分析及方差分解等计量经济学的方法，从比较的角度分析了对外贸易及FDI对我国经济周期波动的影响，得出结论如下：首先，对外贸易、FDI与我国经济的波动有着显著的关系，二者是传递经济周期的重要渠道；其次，对外贸易对我国经济波动的影响要大于FDI的作用；第三，长期看我国FDI、对外贸易和经济增长之间形成良好的互动循环，当系统短期内偏离均衡状态时，系统存在一个自我均衡机制；第四，对外贸易及FDI对我国经济周期波动产生的积极效应要远大于它所带来的负面效应。

The article altogether divides into five parts, separately expositions the circular economy basic concept, the tax policy in the development circular economy function mechanism, the overseas development circular economy tax policy aspect model and the inspiration, our country develops the circular economy taxes and fees policy analysis as well as our country develops the circular economy tax policy suggestion.

文章共分为五个部分，分别论述了循环经济的基本概念，税收政策在发展循环经济中的作用机制，国外发展循环经济的税收政策方面的借鉴与启迪，我国发展循环经济的税费政策分析以及我国发展循环经济的税收政策建议。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。