经济效果

Government transfer payment is an important policy instrument to coordinate regional economy. This paper measures and analyzes the convergence test of income during 1995-2004, and analyzes the relationship between transfer payment after tax-sharing system reform in 1994 and regional economic convergence through econometric analysis. It concludes that income has neither absolute convergence nor conditional convergence in the nationwide. The overall transfer payments did not meet the goal of narrowing income gap, especially in the central and western regions.

转移支付是政府协调区域经济的重要政策手段，本文测算和分析1995年－2004年省区收入的收敛检验，并运用计量方法分析了1994年分税制改革以后转移支付与地区经济收敛的关系，得出的结论是：收入的收敛模式在全国范围内没有绝对收敛，也没有条件收敛，转移支付总体上没有达到缩小地区收入差距的效果，并且突出表现在中部和西部地区。

Through researching the mechanism of biological nitrification and denitrification and actual project application of the technology and related literature materials, the obtained results are as follows:(1) Anoxybiosis is effective to the removal of COD; after the anoxic process, BOD/COD of the outflow increases, it shows that the degradation ability of wastewater is improved; anoxybiosis is insensitive when shock loading of inflow wastewater varies greatly;(2) It is demonstrated by the operation of inoculation and cultivating that biofilm takes two weeks to succeed in cultivating on packings and the removal ratios of NH3-N and COD get 50% and 70% respectively, when gas-water ratio is 6:1, HRT is 7.3 hour, water temperature is above 15°C;(3) It is demonstrated that gas-water ratio, hydraulic loading, HRT, temperature, pH etc are important factors which influence the removal effect of pollutants, when the gas-water ratio is 6:1, hydraulic loading is about 0.38kgNH3-N/m~3.d, water temperature ranges from 15°C to 27°C, pH ranges from 7.5 to 8.0, the BIOFOR removal effect of pollutants is the best;(4) The operation indicated that, this technology has strong ability of nitrification and denitrification; it has extremely vital significance for reducing the water body eutrophication;(5) It is confirmed the feasibility and the usability of preanoxic-BIOFOR process to treat L-lactic acid production wastewater. The experiment indicated that the treatment effect of this technology is very good and also shows that the technology has many advantages, such as small volume, high treatment efficiency, good effluent quality and strong endurance to load variation, this technology is a new and economical wastewater treatment process.

通过对生物脱氮机理的研究和该组合技术的实际工程应用，并结合有关文献资料，取得如下结论：(1)预缺氧池对L-乳酸生产废水中的COD去除具有一定的效果；废水中难降解的高分子物质经过缺氧工段分解为易于氧化降解的物质，浮状有机物在水解菌的作用下，将不溶性有机物水解为溶解性物质；预缺氧池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力；(2)BIOFOR接种挂膜过程表明：HRT为7.3h、气水比为6：1、水温保持在15℃以上，经过半个月生物膜即以形成，NH_3-N和COD的去除率分别达到50％和70％左右；(3)研究表明：气水比、水力负荷、HRT、温度、pH等是影响污染物去除效率的重要因素，在气水比为6：1，NH_3-N容积负荷为0.38kgNH_3-N／m~3·d，温度在15℃-27℃，pH在7.5-8.0之间的条件下，BIOFOR对污染物的去除效率达到最佳；(4)运行表明，该组合技术具有较强的脱氮能力，对于减少水体富营养化具有十分重要的意义；(5)经过半年多实际工程的现场调试与运行，验证了利用预缺氧—BIOFOR组合工艺处理L—乳酸生产废水的可行性和实用性，得出该组合技术具有占地面积小，处理效果好，运行费用省，耐冲击负荷能力强等优点，是一项新型、经济的污水处理技术。

This paper presents the authigenic CO2 flooding mechanism and selects the authigenie CO2 flooding system based on taking reaction speed and economic factors into account. Evaluation is conducted on the effect of the selected CO2 system on expansion viscosity reduction in crude oil. The flooding mechanism and effect of the system is studied by using microscopic models and physical models.

给出了自生CO2驱油机理，在考虑反应速度、经济因素的基础上，筛选出自生CO2体系，对优选出的体系进行原油膨胀、降黏效果评价实验，并利用微观模型和物理模型研究了其驱油机理和效果。

In this article, by comparative research of the basic principles, agents, methods and effects of the hot metal pretreatments of desiliconization, dephosphorization and desulphurization, the writer defines that the converter-shaped pretreatment of desiliconization, dephosphorization and desulphurization has become the key pretreatment technique of the hot metal for its fine effect, low cost, and outstanding economic and environmentally friendly advantages.

本文通过对铁水预脱硅、脱磷、脱硫基本原理、预处理剂、预处理方法和处理效果的比较研究，明确了转炉型&三脱&工艺因其效果好，成本低和突出的经济、环保优势成为铁水&三脱&预处理的主流工艺。

So, if we think about all-sides factors, we could be more impersonal and judgmatical in this problem and this would help us to give some practical advise.

本文在对我国现行的外汇管理制度做了一个比较全面的分析的基础上，考察了我国现阶段的资本管制的效果，认识到随着经济的不断开放，资本管制的效果也在逐步削弱。

By modeling six kinds of linear and non-linear optimal forecast combining models,this paper com- pares the performance of the linear and non-linear forecast combining methods,as well as neural network methods and other optimal combination methods.

1引言在实际预测工作中，某些模型在某个特定的时间或系统之下具有良好的预测效果，但是面对动态的变化的现实，采用任何单一的预测方法均不可能在任何经济状态下都达到令人满意的效果。

Through the research of this paper, a conclusion can be drew: NaCl treatment raise the NH4＋-N removal ratio obviously by 18%, and is better than treating by heating, H2SO4, HCl and NaOH. The most reasonable concentration of NaCl is 0.8~1.0mol/L considering technical, economic and other factors synthetically; The best conditions of NaCl modifying is as follows : temperature 70~75℃, time 2.5hours, granularity ＜120mesh, volume/mass 25ml/g; As additive forming pores, activate carbon powder is a little better than charcoal powder, but the effect of both is much better than sawdust.

通过本论文的研究得出以下结论：NaCl改性能明显提高沸石对氨氮的去除效率，氨氮去除率提高了18%以上，其改性效果优于加热、H2SO4、HCl、NaOH等处理方法，综合考虑技术经济等因素的影响，取0.8～1.0mol/L为最合理的改性浓度；NaCl改性的最佳条件如下：温度70～75℃，时间2.5h，沸石粒径＜120目，体积质量比25ml/g；作为微孔沸石的造孔剂，活性炭粉略优于木炭粉，但二者的效果均比木屑好得多。

The innovations of this thesis can be showed in following aspects. First, based on the classifying the extant explanatory theories and empirical evidences for bank to securitize, we employ an appropriate econometric method to analyze asset securitization panel data from bank holding companies in the USA.

本文的主要创新之处表现在：第一，在全面系统地梳理银行资产证券化的直接动因及作用效果的基础上，采用更合理的能处理面板数据的计量经济分析方法，对美国银行控股公司资产证券化的动因及效果进行了经验分析。

The cost and economic benefits of the hot metal desulphurization with slag skimming are introduced.

论述了鞍钢铁水脱硫系统在生产中的应用以及它所产生的冶金效果，并分析了钙—镁粉剂脱硫的技术优点和技术工艺过程对脱硫效果的影响，特别分析了鞍钢脱硫扒渣的成本及所产生的经济效

This article analyzed characteristics and development trend of FCC gasoline in China, introduced the characters and plant effects of OCT-M and FRS FCC gasoline selective hydrodesulfurization process, especially the commercial application effect of the production of States Ⅲ and Ⅳ regulation gasoline. The commercial test results showed that OCT-M and FRS process were mature and credible, and had the characteristics of low pressure, low investment, convenient operation, low H2 consumption and high liquid yield. OCT-M and FRS process could offer refineries optional economical and flexible measure to produce States Ⅲ and Ⅳ regulation clean gasoline.

分析了我国FCC汽油的特点及发展趋势，介绍了OCT-M和FRS FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术特点及中试效果，着重介绍了OCT-M和FRS FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术生产国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ汽油的的工业应用效果，标定结果标明，OCT-M和FRS技术成熟可靠，具有装置压力等级低、投资省、操作方便、氢耗低、汽油产品收率高等特点，是我国炼厂生产国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ清洁汽油时可供选择的经济、灵活的解决方案。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。