经济学的

In classical economics and new classical economics, an enterprise is one of components of market and has apriority as an organization, so they do not discuss its economic character but focus on its actions of business management, like its production function and its extension, and the cost theory is suited to them.

在西方古典经济学与新古典经济学里，企业是市场的构成要素，作为一种组织具有先验性，因此，它们并不考虑组织本身的经济意义，而集中探讨企业的生产经营活动，即生产函数及其拓展，其成本理论也是与生产函数相匹配的成本函数的研究。

He speaks of the various systems of Political economy in a separate part of his work solely for the purpose of demonstrating their non-efficiency, and of proving that 'political' or national economy must be replaced by 'cosmopolitical or world-wide economy.

他在他书里的个别场合谈到各种政治经济制度时，只是为了指出这些制度的无成效，从而证明必须以"世界主义或世界范围的经济学"来代替"政治的"或国家的经济学。

Owing to the complicacy of the study in public sector economics, because of the multi-targets of government's administration, and because of the difficulty in measuring the public goods supplied by the government, public sector economics has always been thought as a challenging filiation in economics.

由于公共部门经济学研究中所面对的因政府施政目标的多元化以及政府所提供公共产品的难以量度性所带来的复杂性，向来被认为是经济学体系中一个较具挑战性的分支。

The inaccuracy, ambiguity, and improperness of economic terminology translation blemished the economic research in China and influenced indirectly to the development of Chinese economy.

经济学术语的误译、多译，以及不准确的翻译，给中国的经济学研究造成了一定的麻烦，也间接地影响到中国经济的发展。

In the need of mathematization in economics and logic deduction, catering to the tide of egoism and utilitarianism in western society, the mainstream abandoned moral and ethic factors. Then the economic man became completely rational self-interest or utility maximizing, veering from the original principles of economic man.

主流经济学从经济学数学化和逻辑演绎的需要出发，迎合西方社会个人主义和功利主义的潮流，把"经济人"假说中的道德伦理因素舍弃了，从而使之纯粹变成追求自身利益或效用最大化的理性"经济人"，偏离了"经济人"假设的原旨要义。

With the research going into deep, more and more problem needed for pedagogical participation, and pedagogical participation enhanced farther the correlation between pedagogics and economics in educational economics research.

伴随着研究的深入，越来越多的问题离不开教育学的参与，而教育学的参与又进一步加深了教育经济学研究中经济学与教育学的关联。

In the academic circle of political economics, it has been a controversy whether services has value. And now another problem has been raised-on the one hand, the value of labor in services is admitted, while on the other hand, the value of labor in business and bank is denied-which breaks the consistency of the value of service labor in the "political economics" system.

在政治经济学理论界，服务产品是否具有价值的争议尚未了，另一矛盾又普遍出现，即一边承认服务劳动的价值创造性，一边却仍否认商业劳动和银行劳动的价值创造性，使服务劳动的价值创造性在政治经济学体系中无法保持连贯性和一致性。

In traditional econ classes, it is easy for students to feel that we econ profs are off on some irrelevant tangent.

在这种传统的经济学课堂上，学生们会很容易地感觉到：我们的经济学教授所讲的东西，都有无关的。

In traditional econ classes, it is easy forstudents to feel that we econ profs are off on some irrelevant tangent.

在这种传统的经济学课堂上，学生们会很容易地感觉到：我们的经济学教授所讲的东西，都有无关的。

Actually, the purpose of studying economics in a mathematical way is to attain a superior position in the academic competition and the result of the excessive use of mathematics leads to a position of putting the cart before the horse. It makes the modern economics a self-admired theory.

现代经济学使用数学的真正目的是希望在学术竞争中占据优势地位，而过分使用数学的结果是手段和目的的本末倒置，并使现代经济学实际上成为一套以自我欣赏为主的理论。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。