经济学的

ABSTRACT: From the views of urban economics, urban sociology, political economics, anthropogeography, and urban planning and urban design, this paper attempts to generalize the research literature on "urban spatial expansion", and to find a theoretic relationship between urban expansion and its influential factors.

针对"城市空间扩展"的研究，本文尝试从城市经济学、城市社会学、政治经济学、人文地理学和规划设计学等几个视角分别概括和归纳国内外城市研究者的相关成果，为在连续的时空背景下全面综合地认识城市发展条件和影响因素提供必要的理论联系。

Trade cost theory, market validity theory and Commission theory are the economic foundation of Bill broker"s system. Two commission models under symmetry and asymmetry information between the investor and bill broker was structured in view of above, probing into two major interests subjects" distribution mode in interests, risk and encourage goal, and establishing the economies" foundation for the standardization development and perfection of bill broker"s system.

交易成本理论、市场有效性理论和委托—代理理论是证券经纪人制度的经济学基础，据此，笔者构建了信息对称和信息不对称两种情况下投资者和证券经纪人之间的委托—代理模型，探讨两大利益主体在利益、风险和激励上的目标分配模式，为证券经纪人制度的规范化发展和完善奠定了经济学基础。

The only real consensus view expressed at the AEA meeting was that economics is in for a difficult, yet potentially very fruitful period of questioning and cross-pollination.

在美国经济学会上达成的唯一一个真正的共识就是，如今的经济学正处在一个困难，但却可能是在质疑和借鉴中产生丰富成果的时期。

The result shows that the economic basic of legal liability is diseconomy of exterior environment caused by action that causes environment degenerated.

因此 ，探讨环境法律责任的经济学基础及与经济学基础相关的环境法律责任的调整问题，是非常必要的。

Finally,It points out the possibility and the bound of the law and economics in order to educe an objective and a correct conclusion.

本文最后提出了法经济学研究的可能性及其限度问题，即在于尽可能得出一个关于法经济学研究的客观的和科学的结论。

Lastly, microcosmic process of economy cannot be found out thoroughly with experimentalism methods of traditional economics based on observational data, thereby capabilities of explaining and forecasting reality with theories have been reduced.

经济学作为一门单独的科学自从出现以来，已走过了数百年的发展道路，逐步形成了以概念、假设、数据以及数学模型为基础的比较完整的理论体系，并在经济学研究中占据了主流地位。

His research interests and publications are in the areas of econometric modeling, input-output analysis, international trade and investment, human resource development, productivity measurement, household economics and development strategies of emerging economies in the Asia Pacific.

他的研究方向和论文专著出版物涉及的领域很广，包括计量经济学模式、进出口分析、国际贸易和投资、人才资源开发、生产力的计量、家庭经济学以及亚太地区新兴经济的开发策略等。

Till we unravel this conundrum, and as long as Indians resident in Arunachal Pradesh are termed "Chinese citizens", it would be prudent to remember Palmerston's words and hedge our bets.

转轨经济学就等于"公正分家的经济学"；自由主义者在改革发展到今天，其核心的观点就是产权的初始形成必须是公正的，且公正必须有民主来保障。

This doue,the paper has further revealed the historical inevitability of the birth of economics of law and the feasibility of its application to China through the analysis of the process of the economics of law movement and its historical contexts .the author argued that the rationality and the condition of the practice of economics of lawin China lies in its congruence with the inherent law of the market economy,which makes it necessary for the economics of lawto be introduced into China.

笔者认为，法律经济学在中国发展的合理性和土壤在于它符合市场经济内在规律的要求，市场经济呼唤法律经济学在中国的运用和发展。

First, there is orthodox classical economics: monetarist, Austrian Economics and neoclassical economic theory, all of which focus on the macroeconomic effects of money supply and the supply of gold which backed many currencies before the Great Depression, including production and consumption.

首先，有正统古典经济学：货币，奥地利经济学和新古典主义经济理论，所有这些都专注于宏观经济的影响货币供应量和供应的黄金这之后许多货币的大萧条之前，包括生产和消费。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。