经济学的

There are two absolute converse attitudes about sustained development of social economic among the classis economist, one is Adam Smith as the delegation of pessimist, the other is Malthus as the delegation of pessimist. Marx and Engles developed the continuous development by summarizing others' thinking, but the next economists discarded the theory of Marx after October Liberation in Russia and Chinese Liberation got success. Serious fact tells us: Political economics can't discard the concept of sustained development which the basic theory in political economics.

古典经济学家对社会经济的可持续性问题存在着两种截然不同的看法，一种是以亚当斯密为代表的乐观派，一种是以马尔萨斯为代表的悲观派；马克思、恩格斯在总结前人思想的基础上，发展了可持续发展思想；但是，苏联十月革命胜利和中国革命胜利后的政治经济学却舍弃了马克思恩格斯的这些思想；严酷的现实告诉我们，政治经济学不能抛弃可持续发展观念，可持续发展应当是政治经济学的一个基本思想。

The Wealth of Nations is the germinal book of modern economics or political economy.

国富论》是现代经济学或政治经济学的创始著作。

In the second part,we try to analyze the water environment institution with the method of neoclassic economics and new institution economics.

第二部分试图利用新古典经济学和新制度经济学的方法对水环境制度作一分析。

The fundamental position of academic economics is in all the time in our country since the plutonomy is long-term.

政治经济学长期以来在我国一直处于理论经济学的基础地位。

Exterior sex theory is present-day economics, especially one of important theory of new system economics.

外部性理论是现代经济学，特别是新制度经济学的重要理论之一。

In this thesis , I use relevant theories of regional economics,system engineering methord ,and industry"s economics, and adopt research methords of gange analysis , facts analysis and comparison analysis to make objective and just appraisal on the actural conditions of each country regional economic development of Hubei province on the basis of setting up the comprehensive appraising system of country economic strength ; and I divide all coutry of Hubei into three classes more developed country , the undeveloped country and poor country and analyse the reasons for forming three kinds of different development levels, then I set up plural linear regression model to announce the role of every influence factor in Hubei country economic development by regarding economic development level as depentent variable and regarding the seven influence factors(stock of the capital .industrial structure,government"s efficiency ,economic vigor ,technological innovation ability,agricultu ral innovationability, agr icultural resource and export-oriented degree of economy )as independent variable.

本文运用区域经济学、计量经济学、产业经济学的相关理论，采用规范分析、实证分析、比较分析相结合的研究方法，在建立县域经济综合实力评价体系的基础上，对湖北省各个县域经济发展的实际情况作出了客观公正的评价，并把湖北各县域分为三大类：较发达县、欠发达县和贫困县，且对形成三类县域不同发展水平的原因进行了分析。然后以经济发展水平为因变量，以资本存量、产业结构、政府效率、经济活力、技术创新能力、农业资源禀赋和经济外向度等七个方面的影响因素为自变量，建立多元线性回归模型，揭示各影响因素在湖北县域经济发展中的作用。

Such as L. Robbins who attempted to narrowly define the nature and the scope of economics, the neoclassical economics that sets up rational economics man as the fundamental assumption of behavior, Milton Friedman who maintained the notorious argument of irrelevancy of assumption, the professional economists who are obsessed in the self-help mathematical game in the name of the seemingly right positive studies, all of these efforts have so far never plausibly proved that the positive economics is built upon a solid foundation of methodology.

罗宾斯对经济学研究的性质和研究范围的狭窄界定，新古典经济学的高度简略化的&理性经济人&基本行为假设，弗里德曼的&假设不相关性&观点，乃至专业经济学家们似是而非的&实证&，以及在&实证&旗号下沉湎于数理&自助游戏&中所实际奉行的方法论形式主义，所有这些都未能令人信服地证明：实证经济学具备一个坚实可靠的方法论基础。

The author argues that Austrian school possesses reasonable factors in aspects as follows: emphasize market process, being on guard against ration, animadvert the totalitarianism and its methodology. The limitations of Austrian school show at attacking socialism, denying the scientism in economics and rigescent theory. The main parts of chapter 6 research the economic transition with the basic theory of modern Austrian school.

作者认为，现代奥地利学派的经济理论，在对市场过程的强调、对理性的警惕、对极权体制的批判以及经济研究的方法论方面对现代经济学的发展有重要的意义：同时，奥地利经济学派也有其局限性，主要表现在对社会主义的攻击、对科学化的经济学研究方式的否定以及理论有僵化的趋势，难以吸收现代经济学研究成果。

In studying,we have discovered China clear melt product this industry,China washes a miniature melting industry being that Chinese local territory enterprise develops in market competition,The powder multinational corporation enters the Chinese marketplace queen,China redresses from 1980"s to spend 20,local territory is washed spending a brand getting through trials and hardship drifting along several time,As the down-stream enterprise that petroleum estate enchains,fluctuation and transnational gradually spend magnate"s inside and outside converging attack facing prices of raw and semifinished materials,but redress melt,be that one is representative carry out the fleetness consumer goods industry consuming according to the brand,in the main body of a book having analysed tradition economics and new system economics after to making an explanation in connection with problem,the economics angle sets off from the brand,bring the brand into analytical ken of economy,is breakthrough point with the degree choosing cost and the brand category, gaining a profit of having analysed enterprise from a new angle pattern,And have defined the brand practical or immediate significance again.

在研究中，我们发现了中国洗化产品这个行业，洗化行业是中国本土企业在市场竞争中发展的一个缩影，自20世纪80年代末跨国公司进入中国市场后，中国洗化20年，本土洗化品牌历经风雨几番浮沉，作为石油产业链的下游企业，面对原材料价格的波动和跨国日化巨头的内外夹击，而洗化，又是一个典型的依品牌进行消费的快速消费品行业，本文在分析了传统经济学和新制度经济学对有关问题的解释后，从品牌经济学的角度出发，将品牌纳入经济分析的视野，以选择成本和品牌品类度作为突破点，从一个新的角度分析了企业的盈利模式，并重新定义了品牌的现实意义。

Fifth, using the economic analysis as basic tool, from the economic angle, mechanism and the connotation of safety tax have been discussed, and function of correlation preferential policy to safety tax has been analyzed economically.

第五，本部分以经济学分析的基本工具，从经济学的角度探讨探讨安全税的作用机理和内涵，并进一步研究与安全税密切相关的优惠政策对于安全税的作用进行了经济学的分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。