经济学的

The convex function develeped so many years that convex functionals are now a class of very universal functionals.The kinetic energy in the classical is the most natural convex function.Others like entropy and so on are convex functions.The economic core is closely connected with the convex function.The western economic core question is the optimized question.The optimized theory has something to do with the convex function and the concave function.

凸函数的发展经年已相当完善其应用非常广泛，在古典力学中的动能，就是最自然直接的凸函数，其他如熵……等均是，连经济学的核心都与之有极密切相关，西方经济学的核心问题是最优化问题，最优化理论又与凸函数与凹函数密切相关。

Some scholars such as Michel Foucault neglected the "structural" perspective of classical economy and departed from the category "labor" and therefore thought that Marxian revision of David Ricardo had not resulted to real discontinuity in the deepest layer of western knowledge.

福柯等人忽视了古典经济学的"结构"视角而从"劳动"范畴出发，认为马克思对李嘉图的修正在西方知识的最深层中并未产生真正的间断性，这是没有读懂马克思"古典政治经济学"的真正内涵。

John Maynard Keynes is the pioneer in western macroeconomics, is one of the most creative and the 20th century's most influential well-known economists, triggered a revolution in the economic sphere of academic masters, the founder of keynesianism.

约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯是西方近代宏观经济学的开创者，是公认的20世纪最具创造性和最有影响力的著名经济学家、在经济学领域引发革命的学术泰斗、凯恩斯主义的创始人。

Post-Keynesian economics represents a dissent from mainstream Keynesian economics, emphasizing the importance of demand in the long run as well as the short, and the role of uncertainty , liquidity preference and the historical process in macroeconomics.

后凯恩斯主义经济学的一个持不同政见者从主流的凯恩斯经济学，强调需求的重要性，从长远来看，以及短期和作用的不确定性，流动性偏好和历史进程的宏观经济。

The essay dwells systematically upon the main content of "Foundation ofEconomic Analysis",a representative work by Paul A.Samuelson,a famousAmerican economist and the first US Nobel prizer in economics.Based on thisanalysis the author makes an objective evaluation upon Samuelson's theory andanalytical approaches as well as his influence upon the modern cconomics of,theWest.

本文对美国著名经济学家、美国第一个诺贝尔经济学奖获得者保罗·A·萨缪尔森的代表作《经济分析基础》的主要内容作了系统的概括性分析，并在此基础上，对萨缪尔森的理论和分析方法及其对现代西方经济学的影响作了客观的的评价。

But overall, it is insufficient to exist flowingly: First, more application western relevant theory of economics is it state the fair and efficiency issue of China to come, introducing three western fair and efficiency view " efficiency comes first theory "," fair preferential theory " and " the fair and efficiency replace the theory " mainly, it is not enough to theoretical research about the fair and efficiency relation of Marxism; Second, the theory circle studies this question from standardizing the economics angle mainly, adopt and standardize the analytical method, the positive research is relatively insufficient.

但就总体而言，还存在以下不足：一是较多的运用西方经济学的有关理论来说明我国的公平与效率问题，主要引入西方的三种公平效率观&效率优先论&、&公平优先论&以及&公平效率交替论&，对马克思丰义关于公平与效率关系的理论研究不够；二是理论界主要从规范经济学角度研究这一问题，采用规范分析方法，实证研究相对不足。

But overall, it is insufficient to exist flowingly: First, more application western relevant theory of economics is it state the fair and efficiency issue of China to come, introducing three western fair and efficiency view " efficiency comes first theory "," fair preferential theory " and " the fair and efficiency replace the theory " mainly, it is not enoug

但就总体而言，还存在以下不足：一是较多的运用西方经济学的有关理论来说明我国的公平与效率问题，主要引入西方的三种公平效率观&效率优先论&、&公平优先论&以及&公平效率交替论&，对马克思丰义关于公平与效率关系的理论研究不够；二是理论界主要从规范经济学角度研究这一问题，采用规范分析方法，实证研究相对不足。

In the nearly hundred years economics development that come, experienced labyrinthian development process, those who differ is different school, academic, different level land affected the development of economics.

在近百年来的经济学发展中，经历了曲折的发展过程，不同的学派、不同的理论，不同程度地影响了经济学的发展。

The system is analysed structures of pair of money property right, trade the analysis that wait brings into reason of not cost, complete information, limitary the academic frame of new classical economics, the face of new classical economics was changed on certain level.

制度分析把对财产权结构、交易成本、不完全的信息、有限制的理性等的分析纳入新古典经济学的理论框架，在一定程度上改变了新古典经济学的面貌。

So, benefitting by the newest accomplishment of Economies of Institutions and Economics of Development, integrating realistic problems in the process of China's agricultural development, researching inst...

因此 ，借鉴制度经济学和发展经济学的最新成果，结合我国农业过程中的现实问题，研究中国农业发展过程中制度的影响及对策，对于中国农业的长期发展具有非常重要的意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。