经济学

ABSTRACT: From the views of urban economics, urban sociology, political economics, anthropogeography, and urban planning and urban design, this paper attempts to generalize the research literature on "urban spatial expansion", and to find a theoretic relationship between urban expansion and its influential factors.

针对"城市空间扩展"的研究，本文尝试从城市经济学、城市社会学、政治经济学、人文地理学和规划设计学等几个视角分别概括和归纳国内外城市研究者的相关成果，为在连续的时空背景下全面综合地认识城市发展条件和影响因素提供必要的理论联系。

In classical economics and new classical economics, an enterprise is one of components of market and has apriority as an organization, so they do not discuss its economic character but focus on its actions of business management, like its production function and its extension, and the cost theory is suited to them.

在西方古典经济学与新古典经济学里，企业是市场的构成要素，作为一种组织具有先验性，因此，它们并不考虑组织本身的经济意义，而集中探讨企业的生产经营活动，即生产函数及其拓展，其成本理论也是与生产函数相匹配的成本函数的研究。

Labor Value Theory of classical economics and Supply and Demand Equilibrium Theory of modem western economics are the foundation of asset valuation.

古典经济学中的劳动价值论和现代西方经济学中的供求平衡价值理论是资产评估的理论基础。

But it carried on the tradition of modern philosophy and science, adopting the analytics of atomism with static, rigid and imple characteristic as well as limitation.

经济学经过二百多车的发展，形成了系统的理论体系，并在指导经济实践中取得了巨大的成就，但经济学继承近代哲学和科学的传统，沿袭了原子还原主义的分析方法，具有静态的、机械的和简单的特征，又存在着局限性。

The economics methodology has formed a whole battery of analytical framework and tool under the influence of scientific philosophy, which is characterized by logic positivism, negativism and historical materialism. The fundamental characteristics of the economics methodology are based on the axiomatization positive logic deductive method, which assumes the rational human being as its hypothetic premise. The most remarkable characteristic of the economics methodology is the general application of mathematics in economics and it is developing forward to the more accurate and magnificent system.

特别是在以逻辑实证主义、证伪主义和历史主义为代表的科学哲学的影响下，经济学的方法论已经发展出一整套的分析框架与工具，基本特征是建立在"理性人"假设基础上的公理化的实证的逻辑演绎方法，最突出的表现是数学在经济学中的广泛应用，并正在向着更为精密与恢弘的体系演进。

Trade cost theory, market validity theory and Commission theory are the economic foundation of Bill broker"s system. Two commission models under symmetry and asymmetry information between the investor and bill broker was structured in view of above, probing into two major interests subjects" distribution mode in interests, risk and encourage goal, and establishing the economies" foundation for the standardization development and perfection of bill broker"s system.

交易成本理论、市场有效性理论和委托—代理理论是证券经纪人制度的经济学基础，据此，笔者构建了信息对称和信息不对称两种情况下投资者和证券经纪人之间的委托—代理模型，探讨两大利益主体在利益、风险和激励上的目标分配模式，为证券经纪人制度的规范化发展和完善奠定了经济学基础。

His Age of Diminished Expectations and Peddling Prosperity filled the gap between the boringly descriptive genre of "up-and-downeconomics" books and sensationalist and shallow "airporteconomics" books.

他写的《期望灭失时代》与微弱繁荣的时代，填补了枯燥乏味地描述经济波动的经济学书籍，与标题党式的、浅陋的、在机场出售的经济学书籍之间的鸿沟。

Once again he eschews chalkboard economics in favour of areader-friendly guide to the economics of everyday life.

在书中，作者再次避免经济学的刻板说教，支持在生活中的经济学上给予方便读者的引导。

However, there is an essential difference between Marxist political economics and the capital theory in the classical economics.

马克思主义政治经济学是在批判地继承其前人尤其是古典政治经济学的基础上建立起来的，其资本一般理论更是如此。

Marx's criticism of Classical Economics has great significance to our fully understanding the West Economics .

马克思对古典经济学的批判对当今我们全面认识西方经济学具有重要的指导意义。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。