经济学

In the academic circle of political economics, it has been a controversy whether services has value. And now another problem has been raised-on the one hand, the value of labor in services is admitted, while on the other hand, the value of labor in business and bank is denied-which breaks the consistency of the value of service labor in the "political economics" system.

在政治经济学理论界，服务产品是否具有价值的争议尚未了，另一矛盾又普遍出现，即一边承认服务劳动的价值创造性，一边却仍否认商业劳动和银行劳动的价值创造性，使服务劳动的价值创造性在政治经济学体系中无法保持连贯性和一致性。

This doue,the paper has further revealed the historical inevitability of the birth of economics of law and the feasibility of its application to China through the analysis of the process of the economics of law movement and its historical contexts .the author argued that the rationality and the condition of the practice of economics of lawin China lies in its congruence with the inherent law of the market economy,which makes it necessary for the economics of lawto be introduced into China.

笔者认为，法律经济学在中国发展的合理性和土壤在于它符合市场经济内在规律的要求，市场经济呼唤法律经济学在中国的运用和发展。

And milkings industry economics, as a burgeoning economics.

而乳品工业经济学，作为一门新兴的经济学。。。

First, there is orthodox classical economics: monetarist, Austrian Economics and neoclassical economic theory, all of which focus on the macroeconomic effects of money supply and the supply of gold which backed many currencies before the Great Depression, including production and consumption.

首先，有正统古典经济学：货币，奥地利经济学和新古典主义经济理论，所有这些都专注于宏观经济的影响货币供应量和供应的黄金这之后许多货币的大萧条之前，包括生产和消费。

Whole libraries have been written on specialized fields alone, such as money and banking, foreign trade and foreign exchange, taxation and public finance, government control, capitalism and socialism, wages and labor relations, interest and capital, agricultural economics, rent, prices, profits, markets, competition and monopoly, value and utility, statistics, business cycles, wealth and poverty, social insurance, housing, public utilities, mathematical economics, studies of special industries and of economic history.

整个体系已经分门别类，如货币与银行，外贸与外汇，税务与公共财政，政府管制、资本主义与社会主义，劳资关系，资本与利率，农业经济学，租值，价格，利润，市场，竞争与垄断，价值与效用，统计学，商业周期，富裕与贫穷，社会保险，住房，公共事业，数理经济学，特殊行业研究和经济史研究。

Americans have lost faith not only in the administration, but in its economic philosophy: a new corporate welfarism masquerading behind free-market ideology; another version of trickle-down economics, where the hundreds of billions to Wall Street that caused the problem were supposed to somehow trickle down to help ordinary Americans.

美国人已经不仅对政府失去信任，对其经济信条也产生了动摇：在自由市场思想体系的背后，其实是一个新的为大公司谋利的体系；按照涓滴经济学的观点，在这种改头换面的涓滴经济学中，华尔街闯了祸，获得了几千亿美元的输血，政府却希望这笔钱能够通过某种途径渗透下去帮助普通老百姓。

Then analyzes it from the point of view of economics and explains some phenomenons in the interconnection. Thirdly introduces the methods which was often used by lots of countries when they make their interconnection fee and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Next I introduce the concept of unbundling network element.

本论文首先从管制的角度说明了网间互联的意义、作用，并对我国互联互通的情况进行了介绍；然后从经济学的角度对互联互通进行了分析，对互联互通中一些常见的现象用经济学的理论进行了说明。

In traditional econ classes, it is easy for students to feel that we econ profs are off on some irrelevant tangent.

在这种传统的经济学课堂上，学生们会很容易地感觉到：我们的经济学教授所讲的东西，都有无关的。

In traditional econ classes, it is easy forstudents to feel that we econ profs are off on some irrelevant tangent.

在这种传统的经济学课堂上，学生们会很容易地感觉到：我们的经济学教授所讲的东西，都有无关的。

WWE is animportant branch of western economics,with the primary characteristics ofobviously normative analysis and obtaining the social orderings as its target.

西方福利经济学是西方经济学的重要分支，它的主要特点是：一具有明显的规范性，二以得出社会排序为主要内容。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。