经济地

This study analysised the condition of Xinjiang's petroleum resource and made an evaluation and it points out that the development of petroleum and natural gas of Xinjiang is still in the developing period in which it aims at discovering the petrol field and increasing its reserves.Although it has a great exploring potential,because of its geograghy limitation and a lack of exploring funds,the exploring level is till low,even lower than the everage level of the whole country. The study is based on theories of industry distributions,its concentration,macroscopic analysis,government regulations and continuing development.From microcosmic and macroscopic aspects,it scientifically and systematically analyses the problems in the development of petroleum industry in Xinjiang.It points that the developments of middle and upper reaches lack a balance and have no rational industry structures.So it is hard to form an integral industry chains.Moreover,the upper reach covers a too much large proportion in the development,so it can not give a strong impetus to other industries.Based it,the paper points the industrial concentration of Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be enhanced and Input to Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be increased.Due to a lack of an established fair and competitive market and government's perfect laws and regulations on petroleum industry,it points that the phenomenon of mixed operation has become common in monolopied business and competitive business,so the systems of petroleum industry needs to be restructured.It states clearly that the country should take the development and benefits of Xinjiang's economy into consideration when making strategies for petroleum development .Besides,the allocation of profits between the center and the local should be well arranged so that we can guarantee the profits of Xinjiang ,considered as a resource area.It also reveals that we should not only overcome limitations of resources,environment,economy and technology on continuring development,but also we should deal with some realistic problems well.For instance,contradictions between the concept of limited resource and continuing development,the relationship between petroleum industry's own features and continuing development,the contradictions between the limits on supply of petroleum and the need of future development of continuing resource ,outdated petroleum technology and the need of advanced technology for continuing development,tremendous damages to environment and requirements of environment protection for continuing development and Xinjiang continuing economic development,outdated policy of industry and continuing development,the relationship between continuing development of Xinjiang petroleum industry and continuing economic development of Xinjiang.

本研究以产业布局理论、产业集中度理论、灰关联分析理论、政府规制理论、可持续发展理论为依据，从微观、宏观两个层面，科学、系统、全面地分析新疆石油产业的发展问题，指出：新疆石油天然气目前仍处于油气田发现和增储的主要发展阶段，开发潜力巨大，但由于地质原因及勘探投入的不足，石油天然气探明程度偏低，低于全国平均水平；新疆石油产业产业结构布局不合理、上中下游发展不平衡，难以形成完整的产业链条，对工业的带动力与其本身具有的经济总量很不匹配；新疆石油开采业和石油加工业属于高度寡头垄断的市场类型，新疆石油化工业属于竞争型的市场结构，要想石油产业对新疆经济有较强的带动作用，新疆石油化工业必须上升到一定的层次和规模，在提高规模的基础上，提高新疆化工业的产业集中度；新疆石油加工业和化工业与农业呈现较高的关联度，加大对石油加工业和化工业的投入，对新疆经济的协调发展有着深远的影响；政府要从石油产业本质特征和发展趋势为着眼点，实施规制改革，分开政府规制政策的制定部门和监管部门职能，建立健全石油产业法律法规体系，对垄断性业务和竞争性业务实施分类规制；国家石油发展战略的制定应兼顾新疆区域经济的发展和利益，应切实处理好新疆与中央的利益分配，切实保证新疆作为资源产区合理的资源收益；新疆石油产业要想得以可持续发展，不仅要克服影响可持续发展的资源、环境、经济和技术等客观因素，还要处理好观念、需求、政策等诸多主观因素。

Based on thoroughly research, the author draws some following conclusions:(1) the origin of new bilateralism in Asia-Pacific is that each country altered its trade policy to maximize its gains from trade when they faced common external shocks, which is not only to satisfy the restrains of internationally political and economic environments but also to help each government to balance internal political economy when they implement trade liberalization;(2) it has been a common trade policy for each country in Asia-Pacific to set up bilateral trade agreements as soon as possible and as much as possible to obtain hub position in the network of bilateralism;(3) with the inevitable spread of bilateralism, China, as a developing large trade economy, should take first start to guide a favorable process of regional economic integration depending on its booming economy, large domestic market, cheap labor price and abundant natural resources in aim to get much more benefits and advantages.

经过笔者研究，《亚太新双边主义的政治经济学分析》一文得到如下结论：其一，亚太新双边主义的兴起是20世纪末亚太地区各经济体在面临外部冲击的情况下，权衡内部政治经济，选择在当前国际政治经济环境的约束下能够最大化自身利益的贸易政策的必然结果；其二，尽可能快尽可能多地签订双边自由贸易协定，谋求新双边主义中的"轮轴国"地位已经成为各经济体今后较长时间内对外贸易政策的共识；其三，区域经济一体化中的新双边主义趋势已经不可避免，中国作为发展中的贸易大国，应该凭借不断增长的经济、广阔的国内市场、廉价的国内劳动力和丰富的国内资源，发挥先发优势，谋求以我为主的区域经济一体化进程，争取有利的战略地位和更多的利益。

On one hand, globalization courses the change of space economic structure and the restructure of world urban systems. The space economic structure changes from industry chain to a value chain structure. On the other hand, more and more progress of regions and countries has been brought into the global economic network. The rivalry between these countries often present between regions and cities. The global competitive advantage of cosmopolis and the surrounding town compact districts is a critical component of the countrys integrate competitive advantage.

一方面，全球化导致空间经济结构的转型和世界城市体系的重组，以"产业链"为特征的空间经济结构正在转变成为以"价值链"为特征的空间经济结构；另一方面，各国的城市和区域的发展越来越纳入全球经济网络，经济全球化背景下的国家竞争已经更多地表现为城市和区域之间的竞争，以国际大都市为核心的城镇密集区域的国际竞争力是国家综合竞争力的重要组成部分。

The attitude that we hold to the fictitious capital development should be that: the development of the real economy is the kernel of Chinese economic development, we should satisfy the needs of the development of the real economy better through expanding the quantity and categories of the fictitious capital appropriately; we should pay attention to harmonizing the dialectical relation between fictitious capital and the real economy, so that we can make use of the positive effect of the fictitious capital to the real economy, and prevent the harm that may caused by fictitiousness and capital character of the fictitious capital.

我们对虚拟资本发展的态度：以实体经济的发展作为中国经济发展的核心，通过适度发展虚拟资本的种类和数量来更好地满足实体经济发展的需要；注意协调好虚拟资本与实体经济的辨证关系，发挥虚拟资本市场促进实体经济发展的积极作用，并始终警惕虚拟资本的虚拟性和资本性可能造成的危害。

This article constructs economic growth pressure indicator reflecting economic fluctuation. Through discrete choice and response probability graph, this article makes early warning on domestic macroeconomic expansion and contraction, and draws conclusions that foreign exchange reserve rate, foreign direct investment growth rate and total trade growth rate effectively forebode macroeconomic process.

我们构造了体现经济波动的经济增长压力指数，并利用离散选择模型Probit及反应概率图等经济计量方法，基于国际收支对国内宏观经济扩张和收缩的景气状况进行了预警，得出了外汇储备增长率、外商直接投资增长率和贸易总额增长率可以有效地预示宏观经济运行状态的结论。

This paper discussed the steeringand inducing of resource elements for agricultural production of the managerial mechanismof government and described the overall situation of economy in the Han Dynasty, such ascauses for the development of family economy in the West Han Dynasty, unbalanceddevelopment of agricultural economy among different areas, especially Jiang-huai Regionwhich was backward in the West Han Dynasty, causes for the huge differences amongdifferent areas in terms of the development and diffusion of ironware, causes for thediffusion of agriculture-oriented culture and the environmental effect of farmlandexploitation. All these social phenomena were closely related to the various managerialmechanisms of the government.

本文通过探讨汉代政府管理机制对农业经济各种生产资源要素的引导和诱使，基本揭示了汉代农业经济发展的宏观面貌，诸如小农经济在西汉整体性发展的原因、区域农业经济长期发展不平衡，尤其是江、淮等地在西汉一代农业经济发展长期滞缓、铁农具的发展与普及区域间差异较大的原因、农耕文化流浸的社会诱因以及农田开发过程中对环境的影响等，这些农业进程中的社会、经济现象均与政府管理的各种机制作用息息相关。

In recent years, the town party committees and governments based on local advantages, established a "relying on the county seat, the development of the city effect the economy, the country to suit the implementation of regional development,wai yin nei lian to revitalize the private economy, outbreeding near the offensive, the construction of economic town" development ideas vigorously promote the industrialization of agriculture and rural construction in the pace of urbanization has been the formation of the two main pillars of coal and building materials industry, agriculture farming, forestry, aquaculture, processing industry, as well as the coordinated development of the tertiary industry's economic structure. The town, the rural economy in 2003 total revenue was 156 million yuan.

近年来，镇党委、政府立足当地优势，确立了"依托县城、发展城效经济，国地制宜、实施区域开发，外引内联、振兴民营经济，远交近攻、建设经济强镇"的发展思路，大力推进农业产业化和农村城市化建设的步伐，现已形成以煤炭和建材两大支柱产业、农业种植业、林业、养殖业、加工业以及第三产业协调发展的经济格局。2003年全镇农村经济总收入达15600万元。

As one new rising mode of the economy development that according to the natural ecosystem material circulation method, circular economy requests the enterprise follow the ecological regulation, reasonable use the natural resources and the environment capacity, develop the economy on the foundation that the material continuously and circularly using, make the economic system brought into in the material circulatory process of the natural ecosystem harmoniously and carry out the economic activity ecotypically.

循环经济作为近些年兴起的按照自然生态物质循环方式进行的经济发展模式，要求企业遵循生态学规律，合理利用自然资源和环境容量，在物质不断循环利用的基础上发展经济，使经济系统和谐地纳入到自然生态系统的物质循环过程中，实现经济活动的生态化。

As far as positive terms are concerned , economic globalization intervolve china into main stream of world economy, the changing track of foreign developing trade strategies clearly shows the determination of china to take part in economic globalization and display her active attitude to participate the international cooperation ; Entering into WTO makes china win the fairly competitive circumstance, decrease the trade friction and discrimination ; Economic globalization makes china face a new competition ,we have a big gap compared with other countries in trading systems and general competition which mind us to face reality and take active action to come over it ; Foreign direct investment ,its promoting function to the total volume of import and export of china shouldnt be ignored ,meanwhile , its diffusive effect of technology expedites industrial upgrade ; At last ,the keen competition makes entrepreneur innovate and invent.

经济全球化给中国开来了巨大影响，这种影响有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。从积极面来看，经济全球化将中国纳入全球经济发展的主流中，中国对外贸易发展战略变化轨迹清楚地向世人展示了中国参与经济全球化的决心和参与国际分工和合作的积极姿态；加入WTO，是中国赢得了公平竞争的国际环境，减少了贸易歧视和摩擦；经济全球化是中国面临全新的竞争，在贸易体制上和企业综合竞争力上，我国都与WTO成员国有一定差距，这些差距是我们正视现实，积极应对挑战，面对激烈的市场竞争，迫使企业积极创新，提高企业竞争力。

Through reviewing the theories of classical economic equilibrium and economic growth, development proportionally and macroeconomic equilibrium and non-equilibrium, the thesis introduces and comments the theories and viewpoints of the major schools and their reprehensive who have typically significance and have done great contributions in the studies of the coordinated operation among money, funds and economy.

基于此，本文将货币运行、资金运行与经济运行三者之间的关系具体化为经济增长与经济结构、货币供给与货币需求、储蓄与投资、资金供给与资金需求等方面的关系以及货币、资金与经济的内外协调运行问题；相应地，全文内容被划分为以下六章：第一章，货币、资金与经济协调运行的理论前提。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失