经济周期

Traditionally, new welding conditions were studied by the accumulated experience of trial and error approach, which was not suitable to the development level of our countrys society and economy for it usually result in high cost and long lead-time.

传统上对摩擦焊接工艺的开发都是采用经验性"试错"的方法，这种方法的研制成本巨大，研究周期长，不适合我国社会经济发展的基本国情。

This paper summarizes the meaning and factor of the instruments and equipment action cycle comprehensive mana...

本文阐述了设备寿命周期综合管理的意义、要素及设备管理的经济分析方法。

The research results suggest that:(1)the factors influence the control of IOR including economic,social and technological factors;(2)the application of interorganizational systems should focus on both technological and non-technological factors;(3)the stronger dependency between organizations, the more effective of the IOS reducing the coordination costs;(4)usually the investment of firms in interorganizational relationship is reciprocal;(5)the appicaton of IT changes the dependency between organizations, which should modify the coordination mechanism, resulting in the change of IOR;(6)the coordination cost affects the effectiveness of coordination among firms;(7) maintaining the interorganizational relationship influences the firms'' network life cycle and matureness;(8)both coordination cost and network size of firms affect sharing mechanisn of the costs and benefits for creating and maintaining interoganizational relationship;(9) the influence of coordination costs to the allocation of super profits deriving from interorganizational relationship is depent on the network topology;(10) the core firm in a network prefer the symmetric network.

我们的研究成果表明：（1）影响管理与控制IOR治理结构的因素有经济因素、社会学因素以及技术因素；（2）在应用组织际信息系统时，要同时关注技术和非技术的影响因素；（3）当组织之间存在较强的依赖关系时，组织际信息系统的应用能够有效减少组织之间的协调成本；当组织之间的依赖关系较弱时，组织际信息系统的应用会加深组织之间被对方侵占的风险，无法显著地减少组织际协调成本；（4）在通常情况下，参与组织际关系的成员的投资是互补的；（5）IT的应用会改变组织间的相互依赖性，组织应调整协调机制，而协调机制的变化会改变IOR；（6）协调成本的大小对协调有效性有着很大影响；（7）组织际关系的维护影响组织网络的生命周期和成熟度；（8）影响组织际关系建立和维护的成本分担和利益共享方案的因素不仅仅跟协调成本有关，而且还与网络规模有关；（9）在对称网络拓扑结构与非对称网络拓扑结构下，协调成本对超额回报分配的影响是不同的；（10）核心企业倾向于选择非对称的网络结构。

Using 24 heads of beeves to conduct the test of effect of different raising and managing ways on beeves liveweight gain in Danzhai County, Guizhou Province during September and December, 1995, and analysing the fodder conversion efficiency, liveweight gain efficiency and economic benefit of beeves, the results showed that the fattening effect was significant while under the condition of fully confined rearing ammonifying fodder combined with little concentrated feeding stuff and semi-confined rearing combin...

1995年9月～12月在贵州省丹寨县，用24头试验牛进行了不同饲养管理方式对肉牛增重效果的试验，并对肉牛的饲料转化率和增重率以及经济效益进行了分析，试验结果表明：全舍饲氨化秸秆结合少量精料组与半舍饲结合放牧组育肥效果显著，经济效益最好。但是，在我国贫困地区，适合推广的仍然是全放牧育肥法，尽管该方式延长了饲养周期，但在我国目前的情况下，仍然是经济的

Rich fund杨贵宾also pointed out that with the economic downturn at home and abroad as well as the bulk commodity prices, inflation worries have been dissipated, and on this basis both at home and abroad have entered the rate cut cycle, so the bond market continue to raise the value of the hub, the bond market to continued to rise.

雄厚的资金杨贵宾还指出，随着国内经济不景气，国外以及大宗商品价格上涨，通货膨胀的忧虑已经消退，并在此在国内和国外的基础上已进入降息周期，债券市场不断提高中心的价值，债券市场继续上升。

New Economy was never about the end of the business cycle.

新经济永远都不会是商业周期的终点。

This is the of economic booms and slumps.

这是经济繁荣和经济萧条的周期变化。

This is the cycle of economic booms and slumps.

这是经济繁荣和经济萧条的周期变化。

Reform to open since then, the Chinese economy developed to obtain the enormous achievement, but also met many problems, such as: The state-owned business enterprise losses in business, the profession operates the risk enlargement, the economy undulates in the period in the development, region difference with city country difference enlargement, our country of the food problem also highlights increasingly.

改革开放以来，中国的经济发展取得了巨大的成就，但也遇到了许多问题，如：国有企业亏损，行业的经营风险加大，经济在发展中的周期波动，地区差别和城乡差别加大，我国的粮食问题也日益凸显。

The result is still a deep recession, similar in length and depth to the 1975 and 1982 recessions.

预测结果仍然是严重的经济衰退，衰退周期和严重程度与1975和1982年时的经济衰退大体相同。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。