经济上的

From 1978 to 2000, there was not σ-convergence of the PGDP growth in Jiangsu province; From 1984 to 1993 and since 1999, there was not σ-convergence of the per capital net income of rural households growth, but from 1993 to 1999, there was a -convergence; From 1978 to 2000, there was not absolute β-convergence of the PGDP growth in Jiangsu province, but there was conditional β-convergence and the convergence intensity was feeble, half-lifecycle is comparative long, the least half -time of the undeveloped region will catch up with the developed region was 115 years; From 1994 to 2000, there was club-convergence hi the northern Jiangsu and the Middle Jiangsu, but there was not club-convergence in the northern Jiangsu.

第四，基于经济增长收敛的理论与方法，对江苏省区域经济发展的收敛性进行了研究。1978一2000年，江苏省人均GDP总体上不存在u一收敛；农民人均纯收入增长在1 984一1993年及1999年以后不存在a一收敛、在1993一1999期间存在a一收敛；1978-2 000年，人均GDP增长总体上不存在绝对p一收敛，但存在条件p一收敛，收敛的程度较弱，半生命周期比较长，落后区域要缩小与发达区域经济差异的一半最少也需要115年；1 994一2000年，在经济比较发达的苏南和苏中内部存在俱乐部收敛，在苏北内部不存在俱乐部收敛趋势。

Economic internationalization, especially economic integration makes the fact of sovereign state home has influence to be restricted, the challenge of this kind of dominion faces economic dominion not only, and as a result of,still can involve the political dominion; beyond economic domain a variety of reasons, the fight on sovereignty question appears unusually acerb, go up in the idea, pair of state sovereignty are formed on culture originally of meaning negative.

经济国际化，特别是经济一体化使主权国家的实有权力受到限制，这种主权的挑战不仅面对经济主权，而且还会涉及到经济领域以外的政治主权；由于种种原因，在主权问题上的斗争显得异常尖锐，并在观念上、文化上构成对国家主权原本涵义的否定。

The first step, reduce the fictitious economy systematic risk of our country, analyze and prove from three respects concretely that the basic relation of fictitious economy and real economy, the system of fictitious economy, market mechanism: The main argument of basic relation of fictitious economy and real economy have:(1) Structural adjustment and optimization of real economy (2) Pay close attention to the balance of fictitious assets and physical assets of macro econo

虚拟经济体系方面的主要论点有：（1）完善虚拟经济体系的管理体制：建立健全虚拟经济法律法规体系，实现"依法治业"；建立健全虚拟经济监管职能体系；增强虚拟经济运行信息的透明度；（2）提高虚拟经济体系中虚拟资产的风险管理水平。市场因素方面来说，主要是：（1）实行灵活的汇率政策；（2）加强资本流动管理；（3）积极推进虚拟经济监管国际合作第二步，建立我国虚拟经济系统风险化解机制。在采取有效措施降低我国虚拟经济系统风险的基础上，还需要警惕来自市场方面虚拟经济风险冲击。我以为，对此有以下三种化解办法：（1）市场机制的基础调节；（2）法律和政策约束；（3）强行临时管制。论文创新点：建立了一个我国虚拟经济系统风险预警度量模型，并运用这个模型对我国虚拟经济风险的现状进行了评估。

At present structural adjustment of economy of region of our country county is mixed upgrade existing ideal lag, speed slow, measure the problem such as faintness of lack of power, fixed position, the successful experience that draws lessons from progress of foreign region economy only, rely on oneself economy resource, compare advantage, market rule, science and technology, policy to direct etc from go up to adjust and promote prefectural region economy the structure at all, ability obtains materiality result.

目前我国县域经济结构调整和升级存在着观念滞后、速度缓慢、措施乏力、定位模糊等问题，只有借鉴国外区域经济发展的成功经验，依托自身经济资源、比较优势、市场规律、科学技术、政策导向等从根本上调整和提升县域经济结构，才能取得实质性成效。

Conference Communique "on the promotion of world peace and cooperation, the Declaration," stressed that China advocates a "mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, noninterference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful" coexistence is the Asian-African countries an important contribution to norms governing international relations.

毛泽东主席1957年在莫斯科向全世界庄严宣告，中国坚决主张一切国家实行和平共处五项原则。1963年底至1964年初周总理出访亚洲、非洲和欧洲14国时提出我国经济援助的八项原则，把五项原则扩展到经济领域。1974年邓小平同志在特别联大上再次强调，国家之间的政治和经济关系应建立在和平共处五项原则基础上。1988年邓小平同志更明确提出以和平共处五项原则为准则，建立国际政治经济新秩序。

The weak links in the development of the non-public sector of economy shall be grasped to solve the key problems affecting the development of the non-public sector of economy with efforts, to actively explore the development model of the non-public sector of economy meeting the requirements of Shanghai's function and industrial characteristics, to further optimize the structure of the non-public sector of economy and to raise its innovative capability and competitive power, and to enhance the vitality of the non-public sector of economy as a whole, thus form a pattern of diversified ownership systems jointly propelling the coordinated development of the economic society in Shanghai, and promoting the radical transformation of the growth pattern of Shanghai's economy and urban development model.

要抓住非公有制经济发展的薄弱环节，着力解决影响非公有制经济发展的关键问题，积极探索适应上海城市功能和产业特点的非公有制经济发展模式，进一步优化非公有制经济结构，提高非公有制企业创新能力和竞争力，从整体上增强非公有制经济活力，形成多种所有制经济共同推动上海经济社会协调发展的格局，促进上海经济增长方式和城市发展模式的根本转变。

The great tour purchasing power is the drive power of promoting the region's tourism developmentln the regional space, scale economic and regional separation are one of the basic characteristics of promoting tourism industry, So we must arrange the regional tourism industry with a systematic method and give prominence to the central city. For its outstanding area in the regional space, central city has evident superiority in the regional ecnomic development, and has echelon between central city and its periphery scennic spots, which is the inducement mechanism of tourism industry's arranging, developing and advancing step by step. For the law of diminishing marginal utility and the theory of equilibrium, the max utility equilibrium of tourism consumption be at the point of tangency of undiscrepancy curve and the cost budget curve.

中心城市居民巨大的出游力是拉动其周边旅游地发展重要的内在驱动力；由于地缘关系，区域规模经济与地域分割并存，是旅游产业运动的一个基本特征，为此必须对区域旅游经济进行系统化布局，突出中心城市的产业中心性；因其区位条件独特，中心城市在区域经济发展中居于明显的优势，与周边城乡部位存在经济发展上的梯次性，这种梯次性是区域旅游生产力布局、产业发展梯次传动，最终整体联动的经济诱导机制；根据边际效用递减规律和旅游者最大效用均衡理论，旅游消费效用最大化的均衡在无差异曲线与开支预算线的切点(即旅游目的地选择的最佳位置)上，且随着边际效用递减，目的地选择的最佳位置向远离中心城市方向移动，这就是中心城市与周边旅游地互动关系的经济学解释。

Specially, the author hopes to find whether the financial system development promotes the provincial per capita, the accumulation of provincial savings, the formation of provincial capital, the advancing of productivity, the bettering of industrial structure and the shaping of firms. Finally, according to the result of the empirical study, the author brings forward the Contradiction of Chinese Financial System Development during transition period. To explain the Contradiction, the author puts forward a hypothesis: time consistency and institution coupling of the optimal system arrangements. Within the hypothesis framework, the author analyses and explains the contradiction's essential, and seeks the reason of Chinese financial system development's path formation during transition period. After judging the efficiency of Chinese financial system development prudentially, the author gives his advices on how to drive Chinese financial system to the"Growth-Enhancing Financial System Development"path. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. It consists of as follows: Part I includes foreword and Chapter One"the review of financial development theory and literature". In foreword, the author expounds the fundamental definition and basic theory. In Chapter One, the author first analyses the"finance-growth"nexus in theory, and which constitutes the foundation of the concrete mechanism of finance affecting growth.

首先对金融发展与经济增长的关系在理论上进行了梳理，指出金融发展能够促进经济增长，金融是现代经济增长的"第一推动力"；其次将这种理论关系分解，借助当前本领域的最新研究方法和工具从宏观和微观层面验证转轨时期中国各地区金融发展与经济增长传导机制的效果，即金融体系的发展是否有效地促进了各地区人均产值的增加、储蓄的积累、资本的形成、生产力的提高、产业结构的调整以及企业的成长；最后在实证检验的基础上提出"中国金融发展悖论"，并在"最优制度安排的动态一致性与制度耦合"假说的框架内来分析中国金融发展悖论的真实内涵以及中国金融发展路径形成的原因，审慎评价转轨时期中国金融体系的发展效率，初步探讨了中国金融体系走向"推动经济增长"金融发展道路，指出实现金融对现代经济的"第一推动力"作用所应努力的方向。

As far as positive terms are concerned , economic globalization intervolve china into main stream of world economy, the changing track of foreign developing trade strategies clearly shows the determination of china to take part in economic globalization and display her active attitude to participate the international cooperation ; Entering into WTO makes china win the fairly competitive circumstance, decrease the trade friction and discrimination ; Economic globalization makes china face a new competition ,we have a big gap compared with other countries in trading systems and general competition which mind us to face reality and take active action to come over it ; Foreign direct investment ,its promoting function to the total volume of import and export of china shouldnt be ignored ,meanwhile , its diffusive effect of technology expedites industrial upgrade ; At last ,the keen competition makes entrepreneur innovate and invent.

经济全球化给中国开来了巨大影响，这种影响有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。从积极面来看，经济全球化将中国纳入全球经济发展的主流中，中国对外贸易发展战略变化轨迹清楚地向世人展示了中国参与经济全球化的决心和参与国际分工和合作的积极姿态；加入WTO，是中国赢得了公平竞争的国际环境，减少了贸易歧视和摩擦；经济全球化是中国面临全新的竞争，在贸易体制上和企业综合竞争力上，我国都与WTO成员国有一定差距，这些差距是我们正视现实，积极应对挑战，面对激烈的市场竞争，迫使企业积极创新，提高企业竞争力。

China enters landlord economy feudal society, because want to break through rural commune,be --, the "nine squares" system --, manacle to what productivity develops, unite the world to be chance with business Yang political reform of Qin Guo and the Qin Dynasty consequently, in economically useless Jing Tian, open crisscross footpaths between fields, land civilian be able to buying and selling, change seigniorial economy is landlord economy, in political abandon county of county of feudal, buy, change aristocratic politics is bureaucratic politics.

中国进入地主经济封建社会，是由于要突破农村公社———井田制———对生产力发展的束缚，因而以秦国的商鞅变法和秦统一天下为契机，在经济上废井田、开阡陌、土地民得以买卖，变领主经济为地主经济，在政治上废封建、置郡县，变贵族政治为官僚政治。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。